PARTS OF SPEECH

VERBS

Verb merupakan kata yang digunakan untuk   menyatakan suatu tindakan atau aktifitas dan keadaan atau kondisi seperti makan / eat, belajar /study, menulis / write, tidur / sleep, mengetahui /  know, memahami /  understand dst.

Kinds of Verbs;

               

A.  Berdasarkan Bentuk (based Form)

Jenis ini merupakan tinjauan kata kerja berdasarkan bentuknya. Kata kerja dalam tinjauan berdasarkan ‘bentuk’ maka dikategorikan kedalam tiga bentuk yaitu sebagai berikut:

1.    Present form

Present form merupakan salah satu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk present tenses. Ada tiga present yang dapat dilihat sbb:

Ø Bare infinitive (bi) > V₁

Ex : cook, listen, catch, be, do, go, have, ...etc.

Ø Additional infinitive (ai) V_{1 +} es/s

Ex : cooks, listens, catches, ...etc.

Ø to infinitive (to inf)

Ex : to go, to meet, to swim

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh penggunaan present tense dalam kalimat:

1.    Rudi and Tom offer a new book.

Þ  Rudi dan Tom menawarkan sebuah buku baru.

2.    The students reveal their ambition in the classroom.

Þ  Siswa-siswa itu mengungkapkan cita-cita mereke di dalam kelas.

3.   Herlina accompanies me to go to Makassar.

Þ  Herlina menemani saya ke makassar.

4.   She repairs her handphone.

Þ  Dia memperbaiki handphonenya.

5.   He cancels our agreement because he is suddenly called by his mother.

Þ    Dia membatalkan perjanjian kita sebap dia tiba-tiba dipanggil oleh ibunya.

6.   Risna wants to cook rice at home.

Þ  Risna ingin memasak nasi di Rumah.

7.   My mother buys me a new motorcycle

Þ  Ibuku membelikan saya moto baru.

8.   Mr. Aswar  needs money more than Rp. 40 million because he wants to marry his girlfriend.

Þ  Pak Aswar butuh uang lebih dari 40 juta karena dia hendak melamar kekasihnya.

9.        The farmar struggles to finance his child lecturing.

Þ  Petani itu berjuang membiayai anaknya kuliah.

1.    Past form

Past form merupakan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk kalimat dalam bentuk lampau dan ini dikenal dengan istilah past tense (pt) atau verb₂ (V₂)  Ex: went, ate, wrote, saw, worked, swept, was, were, did, had ...etc

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh penggunaan past tense:

A few weeks ago  my parents and i went to Parepare city.  Both of My parents went there by Public Transportation and i drove Motorcycle.  We visited my younger brother Aco Yaqub there becase he had graduated in a Islamic college there. We celebrated his graduation simply. We didn’t forget to take many pictures for sweet memories. My parents were so happy to see one of their son has passed his study. my younger wasn’t defeated, He was happier and so was i. My diary

 

2.      Participle form

Participle form adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk tenses perfect dan continous serta kalimat passive. Selain itu, bentuk ini juga memiliki fungsi sebagi kata benda (Noun), kata sifat (Adjective), dan kata keterangan (Adverb). Ada dua macam participle form yaitu sbb:

Ø present participle (pr pcp) / V_+ing

Present participle adalah kata yang dibentuk dengan menambahkan suffix (akhiran) -ing pada base form verb (bentuk dasar kata kerja ~ bare infinitive). Ex : feeling, showing, acting

Kadang-kadang terjadi doubling pada konsonan di akhir kata kerja tersebut

·         run+ing —> running ·         swim+ing —> swimming

 

Table 1.1 Contoh Present Participle

Verb	Contoh Present Participle
Present Continuous	Caca  is sweeping in her class. (Caca sedang menyapu di dalam kelasnya.)
Present Perfect Continuous	Those toddlers have been sleeping for an hour. (Balita-balita itu telah tidur selama satu jam.)
Past continuous	The workers were queuing for their salaries. (Para pekerja sedang mengantri gaji.)
Past perfect continuous	The labors had been demonstrating for two hours before you came.) (Para buruh telah berdemonstrasi selama dua jam sebelum kamu datang.)
Future continuous	She will be working at the office. (Dia akan sedang bekerja di kantor.)
Future perfect continuous	That cat will have been sleeping long. (Kucing itu akan telah tidur lama.)
Passive Present Continuous	The book is being read by him. (Buku tersebut sedang dibaca olehnya.)
Passive Past continuous	Your car was being washed at this time yesterday. (Mobilmu sedang dicuci pada saat ini kemarin.)

Ø Past particple (ps. pcp) / V₃

Past participle adalah participle yang dibentuk dengan menambahkan suffix (akhiran) -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne pada bare Infinitive  (bi) berupa regular verb dan Pada base form berupa irregular verb, bentuk past participle tidak konsisten. 

Ps.pcp juga dikenal dengan nama Verb_{3 .} past participle tersebut digunakan sebagai komponen dari multiple verbs bersama auxiliary verb [aux + past participle]  untuk  membentuk  perfect  (continuous) tense dan passive voice.

Ex : cooked, written

·         She has cooked a rice.

(Dia telah memasak nasi).

·         The book is written by Abdul Asis.

(Buku itu telah ditulis oleh Abdul Asis).

·         Tom has gone.

(Tom telah pergi)

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh penggunaan past participle dalam kalimat:

Table 1.2 Contoh Kalimat Past Participle sebagai Verb.

Verb Tense	Contoh Kalimat Past Participle
Present perfect	I have paid the bill. (Saya telah menbayar tagihan tersebut).
Present perfect continuous	Those toddlers have been sleeping for an hour. (Balita-balita itu telah tidur selama satu jam). been= past participle dari auxiliary “be”
Past perfect	He had painted the fence in green. (Dia telah mengecat pagar dengan warna hijau).  had= past participle dari auxiliary “have”
Past perfect continuous	The labors had been demonstrating for two hours before you came). (Para buruh telah berdemonstrasi selama dua jam sebelum kamu datang).
Future perfect	Meri will have read the book. (Meri akan telah membaca buku tersebut)
Future perfect continuous	That cat will have been sleeping long. (Kucing itu akan telah tidur lama).
Passive Voice	That room is cleaned every day. (Ruangan itu dibersihkan tiap hari).
	That room had been cleaned. (Ruangan itu telah dibersihkan).
	That room will be cleaned. (Ruangan itu akan dibersihkan).

Sebagai verbal, participle berfungsi sebagai adjective. Sebagai kata sifat, verbal ini berfungsi menerangkan  noun. Penggunaan past participle sebagai adjective dapat dilihat pada noun phrase dan reduced adjective clause pada passive voice. Pada noun phrase, noun yang bertindak sebagai penerima aksi dirangkai dengan past participle.

Misalnya pada kalimat:

1.      The woman is bored by the situation.

2.      The cat was spoiled by my mother.

dapat dibuat menjadi past participle:

1.      The bored woman

2.      The spoiled cat

Dengan demikian bored dan spoiled merupakan past participle yang berfungsi menjelaskan woman dan cat (sebagai penerima aksi).

Selain itu, past participle juga digunakan pada reduced adjective clause. Pada reduksi adjective clause, relative pronoun dan verb to be (jika ada) dihapus.

Table 1.3 Contoh Past Participle pada Reduced Adjective Clause

adjective clause	reduced adjective Clause
The chocolate which is being eaten by him is very delicious. (Coklat yang sedang dimakan olehnya sangat lezat.)	menjadi: The chocolate being eaten by him is very delicious.
The math problem which has been solved by him is difficult. (Soal matematika yang telah dipecahkan tersebut sangat sulit.)	menjadi: The math problem solved is difficult.

Aturan Penambahan Es / S

Ø Jika verb_nya berahiran dengan ’ s, ss, ch, o, x, z maka langsung ditambahkan dengan ‘’es’’

Ex : catch        catches, kiss     kisses

Ø Jika berahiran ‘’Y’’ yang didahului dengan huruf vowel maka langsung ditambah dengan ‘’S’’

Ex : play          plays

Ø Jika berahiran dengan ‘’Y’’ yang didahului dengan huruf konsonan  maka ‘’ Y’’ tersebut di hilangkan lalu ditambahkan dengan huruf I dan ditambahkan dengan es

Ex : cry          cries

Ø Jika berahiran dengan ‘’E’’ yang didahului dengan huruf konsonan maka langsung ditambahkan dengan ‘’S’’

Ex : move          moves

Ø Selain aturan di atas langsung ditambahkan dengan “S”

Ex : walks, reads, sends

Table 1.4 daftar contoh kata kerja (verbs)

Bi / V1	To inf	Ai / V1 +es/s	Meaning
Be	To be	Am, is are	Adalah
Call	To Call	Calls	Memanggil
Estabilish	To Estabilish	Estabilishes	Mendirikan, membangun
Offer	To Offer	Offers	Menawarkan
Amaze	To Amaze	Amazes	Mengagumkan, menajubkan
Describe	To Describe	Describes	Menggambarkan, melukiskan
Smile	To Smile	Smiles	Senyum
Hurry	To Hurry	Hurries	Mempercepat, melarikan
Supply	To Supply	Supplies	Menyediakan
Try	To Try	Tries	Mencoba, berusaha
Convey	To Convey	Conveys	Menyampaiakn
Enjoy	To Enjoy	Enjoys	Menikmati
Pray	To Pray	Prays	Berdoa
Beg	To Beg	Begs	Memohon
Gas	To Gas	Gases	Membunuh dengan gas
Rob	To Rob	Robs	Merampok
Cancel	To Cancel	Cancels	Membatalkan
Propel	To Propel	Propels	Mendorong
Travel	To Travel	Travels	Berpegian
Assail	To Assail	Assails	Menyerang
Boil	To Boil	Boils	Merebus
Reveal	To Reveal	Reveals	Mengungkapkan
Allot	To Allot	Allots	Memberikan, membagikan
Occur	To Occur	Occurs	Terjadi
Omit	To Omit	Omits	Menghilangkan
Allow	To Allow	Allows	Mengizinkan
Repair	To Repair	Repairs	Memperbaiki
Repeat	To Repeat	Repeats	Mengulangi
Cover	To Cover	Covers	Menutup, mencakup
Folllow	To Folllow	Folllows	Mengikuti
Visit	To Visit	Visits	Mengunjungi
Bivouac	To Bivouac	Bivouacs	Berkemah
Frolic	To Frolic	Frolics	Bermain-main
Picnic	To Picnic	Picnics	Berpiknik
Arise	To Arise	Arises	Muncul, terbit
Buy	To Buy	Buys	Membeli
Choose	To Choose	Chooses	Memilih
Drink	To Drink	Drinks	Meminum
Get	To Get	Gets	Memperoleh
Kneel	To Kneel	Kneels	Bersujud
Put	To Put	Puts	Meletakkan
Advertise	To Advertise	Advertises	Mengiklankan
Agree	To Agree	Agrees	menyetujui
Arrange	To Arrange	Arranges	Menyusun
Argue	To Argue	Argues	berdebat
Develope	To Develope	Developes	Berkembang
Entertain	To Entertain	Entertains	Menghibur
Measure	To Measure	Measures	Mengukur
Connect	To Connect	Connects	Menghubungkan
Adopt	To Adopt	Adopts	Mengadopsi
Associate	To Associate	Associates	Mengumpulkan
Collect	To Collect	Collects	Mengumpulkan
Act	To Act	Acts	Bertindak
Confuse	To Confuse	Confuses	Membingungkan
Admire	To Admire	Admires	Mengagumi
Compete	To Compete	Competes	Bersaing
Compose	To Compose	Composes	Mengarang
Resign	To Resign	Resigns	Mengudurkan diri dari kerja
Expect	To Expect	Expects	Mengharapkan
Qualify	To Qualify	Qualifies	Memenuhi syarat
Apply	To Apply	Applies	Melamar
Classify	To Classify	Classifies	Menggolongkan
Hinder	To Hinder	Hinders	Menghalangi
Enter	To Enter	Enters	Memasuki
Admit	To Admit	Admits	Mengakui
Appear	To Appear	Appears	Menampakkan diri
Attend	To Attend	Attends	Menghadiri
Confide	To Confide	Confides	Mempercayakan
Assist	To Assist	Assists	Membantu
Differ	To Differ	Differs	Membedakan
Obey	To Obey	Obeys	Mematuhi
Complain	To Complain	Complains	Mengeluh
Fly	To Fly	Flies	Terbang
Contain	To Contain	Contains	Berisi
Descend	To Descend	Descends	Turun
Deceive	To Deceive	Deceives	Menipu

A.   Berdasarkan perubahan (Based Change form)

Kata kerja (verb) yang ditinjau berdasarkan perubahannya

1.    Regular Verb

Merupakan kata kerja yang perubahannya beraturan dengan menambahkan –ed/-d pada ahir bare infinitive (bi).

Cara membetuk Regular Verb dari bare infinitive (bentuk dasar verb[V₁) menjadi past tense (V₂) dan past participle (V3) adalah sebagai berikut: 

a.    Pada umumnya dengan menambahkan –ed pada bare infitive (dasar verb).

b.    Dengan menambahkan –d saja jika bentuk dasar verb nya berahiran dengan huruf hidup (vocal) –e.

c.    Jika bare infinitive-nya berahiran dengan huruf -y yang didahuluioleh huruf mati (consonant), maka huruf ‘y’ tersebut diganti dengan huruf  ‘i’ lalu tambahkan –ed.

d.   Jika bare infinitive-nya berahiran dengan huruf –y yang didahului oleh huruf vocal, maka huruf –y tersebut tidak dirubah, akan tetapi hanya menambahkan –ed.

e.    Jika bare infinitive-nya berahiran huruf consonant yang didahului oleh huruf vocal, maka huruf consonant tersebut digandakan (double)-kan lalu ditambahkan –ed.

f.     Jika bare infinitive-nya berahiran huruf consonant berupa ‘l’ yang didahului oleh huruf vocal, maka huruf ‘l’ tersebut digandakan lalu ditambahkan –ed.   

g.    Jika bare infinitive-nya berahiran huruf consonant yang didahului oleh huruf vocal dan huruf vocal tersebut didahului huruf consonant atau berpola CVC (consonant vocal consonant ) tidak bersuku kata satu (tidak satu syllable) dan tekanannya terletak pada suku kata terahir, maka huruf terahir tersbut digandakan lalu tambahkan –ed.

h.    Jika bare infinitive-nya berahiran huruf consonat yang didahului oleh huruf vocal dan huruf vocal tersebut didahului huruf consonant atau (CVC) consonant vocal consonant bersuku kata dua (2 syllable) dan tekanannya terletak pada suku kata pertama, maka huruf consonant terahir tidak boleh digandakan akan tetapi hanya menambahkan –ed saja.

i.      Jika bare infinitive-nya berahiran huruf consonant berupa ‘c’ yang didahului oleh huruf vocal, maka huruf ‘c’ tersebut harus ditambahkan consonant ‘k’ lebih dahulu, lalu tambahkan –ed.

2.    Irregular Verb

Irregular verb adalah kata kerja yang perubahan tidak beraturan.

Table 1.5 Contoh irregular verbs:

Bare infinitive	Past tense	Past participle	Meaning
Arise	Arose	Arisen	Muncul, terbit
Buy	Bought	Bouht	Membeli
Choose	Chose	Chosen	Memilih
Drink	Drank	Drunk	Minum
Get	Got	Got/gotten	Mendapatkan
Kneel	Knelt	Knelt	Bersujud
Put	Put	Put	Meletakkan

Sebenarnya dalam pengelompokan kata kerja ada enam macam yaitu mulai dari ‘to infinitive, bare infinitif, additional infinitive, past tense, present participle dan past participle. Jika diuraikan dalam bentuk table seperti di atas maka dapat anda lihat sebagai berikut:

Table 1.5 Contoh pengelompokan Verbs yang lengkap

to infinitive	bare infinitive (verb1)	additional infinitive	past tense (verb2)	present participle	past participle (verb3)
to arise	arise	arises	arose	arising	arisen
to buy	buy	buys	bought	buying	bouht
to choose	choose	chooses	chose	choosing	chosen
to drink	drink	drinks	drank	drinking	drunk
to get	get	gets	got	getting	got/gotten
to kneel	kneel	kneels	knelt	kneeling	knelt
to put	put	puts	put	putting	put

Sebagai mana namanya Irregular verb yang berrati kata kerja yang tidak teratur tentu hal tersebut bisa  membuat para pelajar bahasa inggris mengalami sedikit kesulitan dalam menyimpan kosakata verbs dimemory ingatan dibandingkan dengan mempelajari kata kerja beraturan (regular verb) karena irreglar verb mesti dihafalkan secara tuntas mulai dari bare inf, past tense dan past participle atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah Verb₁, Verb_2,  dan Verb_3.

 Untuk bisa menguasai irregular verb memang harus dibiasakan diri untuk menghafalkan secara total mulai dari bare infinive, past tense dan past participle nya.

untuk memudahkan anda dalam mempelajarinya berikut akan disajikan daftar irregular verbs bardasarkan jenis-jenisnya:

1.        Irregular verb yang memiliki bentuk sama antara bare infinitive (V₁), past tense (V₂) dan past participle (V₃).

Bare infinitive	Past tense	Past participle	Meaning
Beset	Beset	Beset	Menyerang, mengepung
Bet	Bet	Bet	Bertaruh
Bid	Bid / bade	Bid / bidden	Menawar/ Menyuruh
Broadcast	Broadcast	Broadcast	Menyiarkan
Burst	Burst	Burst	Meletus / pecah
Cast	Cast	Cast	Melemparkan
cost	cost	cost	Harganya
cut	cut	cut	Memotong
fit	fit	fit	Cocok dengan
forecast	forecast	forecast	Meramalkan
hit	hit	hit	Memukul
hurt	hurt	hurt	Menyakiti
knit	knit	knit	Merajut
let	let	let	Membiarkan
outbid	outbid	outbid	Menawar lebih tinggi
put	put	put	Meletakkan
quit	quit	quit	Berhenti
read	read	read	Membaca
reset	reset	reset	Memasang lagi
rid	rid	rid	Membersihkan
run	run	run	Berlari
set	set	set	Meletakkan / menyetel
shed	shed	shed	Mencucurkan
shut	shut	shut	Menutup
slit	slit	slit	Membelah
split	split	split	Membelah
spread	spread	spread	Melapisi/menyebar
thrust	thrust	thrust	Mendorong
underbid	underbid	underbid	Menawarkan lebih rendah
upset	upset	upset	Mengganggu

INGAT !!! Sekuat apapun hafalan anda jika anda tidak mempraktekkan  kosakata yang telah  anda hafal maka hal itu bisa menjadi sisa-sia saja. Praktek merupakan salah satu faktor penunjang keberhasilan anda

2.      Irregular verb yang memiliki bentuk sama antara bare infinitive (V1) dan pst tense (V2)

Bare infinitive	Past tense	Past participle	Meaning
Beat	Beat	Beaten	Memukul
Browbeat	Browbeat	Browbeaten	Menggertak

3.      Irregular verb yang memiliki bentuk sama antara bare infinitive (V1) dan past participle (V3)

Bare infinitive	Past tense	Past participle	Meaning
Become	Became	Become	Menjadi
Come	Came	Come	Datang
Outrun	Outran	Outrun	Berlari lebih cepat
Overcome	Overcame	Overcome	Mengatasi
Overrun	Overran	Overrun	Memenuhi / mengerumuni
Run	Ran	Run	Berlari
Wed	Wedded	Wed	Menikah

4.      Irregular verb yang memiliki bentuk sama antara past tense (V2) dan past participle (V3)

Bare infinitive	Past tense	Past participle	Meaning
Abide	Abode	Abode	Membiarkan
Awake	Awoke	Awoke	Bangun
Backbite	Backbit	Backbit	Menfitnah
Behold	Beheld	Beheld	Memelihara
Bend	Bent	Bent	Membengkokkan
Bereave	Bereft	Bereft	Kehilangan
Beseech	Besought	Besought	Memohon
Bind	Bound	Bound	Mengikat
Bleed	Bled	Bled	Berdarah
Breed	Bred	Bred	Memelihara
Bring	Brought	Brought	Membawa
Build	Built	Built	Membangun
Burn	Burnt	Burnt	Membakar
Buy	Bought	Bought	Membeli
Catch	caught	Caught	Menangkap
Cleave	Cleft /clove	Cleft /cloven	berbelah; membelah
Cloth	Clad	Clad	memakai pakaian
Cling	Clung	Clung	melekat; melekati
Creep	Crept	Crept	melata; menjalar; merangkak
Deal	Dealt	Dealt	transaksi; perjanjian, jual
Dig	Dug	Dug	Menggali
Dream	dreamt	dreamt	Memimpikan
Dwell	Dwelt	dwelt	Menghuni
Feed	Fed	fed	Member makan
Feel	Felt	Felt	Merasa
Fight	Fought	fiught	Berkelahi dengan
Find	Found	found	Menemukan
Flee	Fled	fled	Melarikan diri
Fling	Flung	flung	Melemparkan
Foretell	Foretold	foretold	Meramalkan
Gainsay	Gainsaid	gainsaid	Menyangkal
Get	Got	got	Mendapatkan
Gild	Gilt	Gilt	Menyepuh
Gird	Girt	Girt	Bersiap-siap
Grind	Ground	Ground	Menggiling
Hamstring	Hamstrung	Hamstrung	Melumpuhkan
Hang	Hung	Hung	Menggantung
Have	Had	Had	Mempunyai
Hear	Heard	Heard	Mendengar
Hold	Held	Held	Memegang
Inlay	Inlaid	Inlaid	Menatah
Keep	Kept	Kept	Menjagah
Kneel	Knelt	Knelt	Berlutut,bersujud
Lay	Laid	Laid	Meletakkan
Lead	Led	Led	Memimpin
Lean	Lend	Lend	Bersandar
Learn	Learnt	Learnt	Mendengar,belajar
Leap	Leapt	Leapt	Melompat(i)
Leave	Left	Left	Meninggalkan
Lend	Lent	Lent	Memimjamkan
Light	Lit	Lit	Menyalakan
Lose	Lost	Lost	Kehilangan
Make	Made	Made	Membuat
Mean	Meant	Meant	Bermaksud
Meet	Met	Met	Menjumpai
Mislay	Mislaid	Mislaid	Salah meletakkan
Mislead	Misled	Misled	Menyesatkan
Misunderstand	Misunderstood	Misunderstood	Salah paham
Outshine	Outshone	Outshone	Lebih cemerlang dr.pd.
Overhang	Overhung	Overhung	Bergantung
Overhear	Overheard	Overheard	Ikut mendengarkan
Overlay	Overlaid	Overlaid	Melapisi
Overshoot	Overshot	Overshot	Melampaui
Oversleep	Overslept	Overslept	Bangun kesiangan
Pay	Paid	Paid	Membayar
Rebuild	Rebuilt	Rebuilt	Membangun kembali
Rend	Rent	Rent	Mengonyak,membelah
Repay	Repaid	Repaid	Membayar kembali
Retell	Retold	Retold	Menceritakan lagi
Ring	Rang	Rang	Membunyikan
Say	Said	Said	Berkata
Seek	Sought	Sought	Mencari
Send	Sold	Sold	Menjual
Sell	Send	Send	Mengirim(kan)
Shine	shone	shone	Bersinar,menyemir
Shoot	Shot	Shot	Menembak
Sit	Sat	Sat	Duduk
Sleep	Slept	Slept	Tidur
Slide	Slid	Slid	Menyelipkan
Sling	Slung	Slung	Melemparkan
Slink	Slunk	Slunk	Menyelinap
Smell	Smelt	Smelt	Berbau
Speed	Sped	Sped	Mempercepat
Spell	Spelt	Spelt	Mengeja
Spend	Spent	Spent	Menghabiskan
Spill	Spilt	Spilt	Menumpahkan,tertumpah
Spin	Spun	Spun	Memutar
Spit	Spat/spit	Spat/spit	Meludah
Spoil	Spoilt	Spoilt	Merusak,memenjakan
Stand	Stood	Stood	Berdiri
Stave	Stove	Stove	Menabrak sampai pecah
Stick	Stuck	Stuck	Menikam
Sting	Stung	Stung	Menyengat
Strike	Struck	Struck/strcken	menabrak
String	Strung	Strung	Mengupas
Sweep	Swept	Swept	Menyapu
Swing	Swung	Swung	Mengayunkan
Teach	Taught	Taught	Mengajar
Tell	Told	Told	Menceritakan
Think	Thought	Thought	Berfikir
Unbend	Unbent	Unbent	Meluruskan,mjd,ramah
Unbind	unbound	unbound	Batas/tidak tertarik
Undersell	Undersold	Undersold	Menjual lebih murah
Understand	Understood	Understood	Mengerti
Waylay	Waylaid	Waylaid	Menyerang,mecegak
Weep	Wept	Wept	Mencucurkan
Win	Won	Won	Memenangkan
Wind	Wound	Wound	Memutar,membalutkan
Withhold	Withheld	Withheld	Tidak member
Withstand	Withstood	Withstood	Melawan,bantahan
Wring	Wrung	Wrung	Memeras

5.    Irregular verb yang memiliki bentuk berbeda antar ketiganya.

Bare infinitive	Past tense	Past participle	Meaning
Arise	Arose	Arisen	Bangun
Backslide	Backslid	Backslidden	Kembali murtad
Be
Bear	Bore	Born	Melahirkan
Befall	Befell	Befallen	Menimpa
Beget	Begot/begat	Begotten	Melahirkan
Begin	Began	Begun	Memulai
Bespeak	Bespoke	Bespoken	Memesan,mencerminkan
Bestride	Bestrode	Bestridden	Mengangkangi
Betake	Betake	Betaken	Pergi,melarikan diri
Bite	bit	Bitten	Menggigit
Bless	Blessed	Blest	Memberkati / merestui
Blow	Blew	Blown	Meniup
Break	Broke	Broken	Merusak/ memecahkan
Choose	Chose	Chosen	Memilih
Crow	Crew	Crowed	Berkokok
Do	Did	Done	Melakukan
Draw	Drew	Drawn	Menggambar
Drink	Drank	Drunk	Meminum
Drive	Drove	Drove	Makan
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Makan
Fall	Fell	Fallen	Jatuh
Fly	Flew	Flown	Terbang
Forbear	Forbore	Forborne	Tersabar / menahan diri
Foreknow	foreknew	Foreknown	Mengetahui lebih awal
foresee	foresaw	Foreseen	Meramalkan
Forbid	forbade	Forbidden	Melarang
Forget	Forgot	Forgotten	Melupakan
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven	Memaafkan
Forgo	Forwent	Forgone	Tidak terjadi melakukan sst.
Forsake	Forsook	Forsaken	Mengabaikan
Forswear	Forswore	Forsworn	Bersumpah untuk menghentikan
Freeze	Froze	Frozen	Membekukan
Give	Gave	Given	Memberikan
Go	Went	Gone	Pergi
Grow	Grew	Grown	Tumbuh
Hew	Hewed	Hewn	Menebang,merambah
Hide	Hid	Hidden	Menyembunyukan
Know	Knew	Known	Mengetahui
Lie	Lay	Lain	Berbohong
Melt	Melted	Molten	Melarutkan,mencair
Mistake	Mistook	Mistaken	Membeat kesalahan
Mow	Mowed	Mown	Memotong rumput
Outdo	outdid	Outdone	Mengalahkan
Outgrow	Outgrew	Outgrown	Menjadi lebih besar
Outwear	Outwore	Outworn	Lebih tahan  dari pada
Overbear	Overbore	Overborne	Menindas
Overdo	Overdid	Overdone	Mebesar-besarkan
Overdraw	Overdrew	Overdraw	Melukiskan yg. Berlebihan
Overeat	Overate	Overeaten	Makan terlalu banyak
Override	Overrode	Overridden	Menolak, mengesampingkan
Oversee	Oversaw	Overseen	Mengawasi, mengatur
Overtake	Overtook	Overtaken	Menyalip, menyusul
Overthrow	Overthrew	Overthrown	Menumbangkan
Partake	Partook	Partaken	Ikut ambil bagian
prove	Proved	Proven	Membuktikan, ternyata
Ride	Rode	Ridden	Menunggang, mengendarai
Ring	Rang	Rung	Membunyikan
Rise	Rose	Risen	Naik, terbit
Saw	Sawed	Sawn	Menggergaji
See	Saw	Seen	Melihat
Sew	Sewed	Sewn	Menjahit
Shake	Shook	Shaken	Menggungcang
Shape	Shaved	Shaven	Mencukur, menyerempet
Shear	Shore	Shorn	Mencukur, memangkas
Show	Showed	Shown	Menunjukkan
Shrink	Shrank/shrunk	Shrunk	Menyusutkan
Sing	Sang	Sung	Bernyanyi
Sink	Sank	Sunk	Menenggelamkan,terbenam
Slay	Slew	Slain	Membunuh
Smite	Smote	Smitten	Memukul, saling mencintai
Sow	Sowed	Sown	Menebarkan
Speak	Spoke	Spoken	Membaca
Spring	Sprang/sprung	Sprung	Membocorkan
Steal	Stole	Stolen	Mencuri
Stink	Stank/stunk	Stunk	Berbau busuk
Strew	Strewed	Strewn	Menaberkan,menyebar
Stride	strode	Stridden	Melangkah(panjang)
Strive	strove	striven	Berusaha
Swear	swore	Sworn	Bersumpah
Swell	swelled	Swollen	Membengkak
Swim	swam	Swum	Berenang
Take	took	Take	Mengambil
Tear	tore	Torn	Merobek
Thrive	throve	Thriven	Berkembang dgn pesat
Throw	threw	Thrown	Melemmpar
Tread	trod	Trodden	Menginjak, berkelana
Undergo	underwent	Undergone	Mengalami, menjalani
Undertake	undertook	Undertaken	Mengerjakan,berjanji
Underwrite	underwrote	Underwritten	Mengasuransikan,menanggung
Undo	undid	Undone	Membuka,membatalkan
Wake	woke	Woken	Bangun
Wear	wore	Worn	Memakai
Weave	wove	woven	Menenun,mennceritakan
Withdraw	Withdrew		Mmenarik
Write	Wrote	Written	Menulis

B.  Verb Berdasarkan kedudukan

Jenis verb ini merupakan kata kerja yang ditinjau berdasarkan kedudukannya. Ada dua macam verb berdasarkan kedudukannya yaitu ordinary verb dan auxilary verb.

·      Ordinary verb

Merupakan kata kerja murni atau kata kerja yang mempunyai fungsi paling pokok dalam kalimat. Jenis ini tergolong menjadi dua yaitu:

o  Transitive verb

Adalah kata kerja yang membutuhkan object. Seperti: eat, drink, have, love, hate, read, write, lend, send, give, etc.

§  I drink a cup of coffee

§  You lend her a book

           

   Monotrabsitive verb

Kata kerja yang hanya mempunyai satu object.

§  They bring a bag.

§  She brings a bag.

    Ditransitive verb (DV):

Kata kerja yang mempunyai dua object, yaitu direct object (DO) dan indirect object (IO).

v Direct object (DO) / object langsung

v Indirect object (IO) / object tidak langsung.

Berpola seperti berikut:

S + S1 + IO + DO.

 

                      Atau

S + Vt + DO + to/for + IO.

 

Berikut adalah beberapa anggota certain ditransitive verb (DV)

Ditransitive Verb	Meaning	Example
Ask	Meminta	She asked me aquestion.                  IO  DO She asked a question to me.                        DO          IO
Bring	Membawakan	Caca brings me a cup of coffee. Caca brings a cup of coffee for/to me.
Build	Membangungkan	They build us a new library They build a new library for us
Buy	Membeli	Nigel bought Celia a diamond ring Nigel bought a diamond to Celia
Change	Menukarkan	Could you change me a dollar? Could you change a dollar for me?
Choose	Memilihkan	Choose me a book! Choose a book for me!
Cook	Memasakkan	Cook us some vegetables! Cook some vegetables for us!
Cost	Membayar	The trip will cost you Rp.100.000 The trip will cost Rp.100.000 to you
Do	Meberikan  / melakukan	She did me a favor. She did a favor for me.
Fetch	Mengambilkan	Please fetch me my pipe! Please fetch my pipe for me!
Find	Menemukan/mendapatkan	Find me an interesting book! Find an interesting book for me!
Fix	Mempersiapkan	Fix me a drink! Fix a drink for me!
Get	Mengambilkan /mendapatkan/menyampaikan	Can I get you drink? Can I get drink for you? She got a newspaper for me. I have to get a massage to her.
Give	Memberi	I give her a flower. I give a flower to her.
Keep	Menjagakan/memberikan	I keep you a seat. I kept a seat for you.
Leave	Mewariskan	He leave her his estate. He leave his estate to her.
Lend	Meminjami	She lent him the money. She lent the money to him.
Make	Membuatkan	He made us some coffee. He made some coffee to us.
Offer	Menawarkan	He offered me a job. He offered a job for me.
Order	Memesankan	Order me a copy! Order a copy for me!i
owe	Meminjam	I owe Janet ten pounds. I owe ten pounds to Janet
pass	Memberikan	Sibli pass me the book! Sibli pass the book to me!
Pay	Membayar	She pays her book
Play	Memainkan	We play a football.
Post	Mengeposkan	Tom posted his letter yesterday
Prepare	Mempersiapkan	We prepare ourselves before the show.
Promise	Menjanjikan	You have promised to me just now.
Read	Membacakan	Risna reads my poem
Recommended	Merekomendasikan	Our teacher recommended us to buy some book.
Refuse	Menolak	I refuse my students’ ask to have long holidays.
Reserve	Memesan	We reserve fried rice at Alun-Alun Polewali
Save	Menyelamatkan	I save my girlfriend’s love
Say	Mengatakan	She says that I am handsome.
Sell	Menjual	My mother sells my old bicycle.
Send	Mengirim	I sent you message yesterday.
Show	Memperlihatkan	She shows her beauty to me.
Sing	Menyanyikan	My friend sings a dangdut song at my party.
Take	Mengambil / membawakan	I take my phone on the table.
Teach	Mengajarkan	She teaches me English.
Tell	Menceritakan	Tell her the true story.
Throw	Melemparkan	Throw the ball to me.
Wish	Mendoakan	Wish my friend luck.
Write	menuliskan	Write your assignment from your teacher.

o  Intransitive verb

Intransitive verb adalah kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan object.

Seperti sleep, swim, cry, sat, go, came, stand, run, etc.

Eg; he sleeps in the class.

Intransitive verb dibagi menjadi dua yaitu:

    Complete

Adalah kata kerja transitive verb yang ketika ditulis S + verb-nya maknanya sudah jelas atau bisa dipahami, dan tidak membutuhkan complement.

e.g:

v  i swim.

v  She is running.

    Incomplete

Incomplete transitive verb adalah kata kerja transitive yang ketika ditulis S + V-nya maknanya belum jelas atau belum bisa dipahami, karena kata kerja ini membutuhkan complement. complement yang berada setelah incomplete intransitive verb atau yang juga dikenal dengan linking verb (LV). Linking verb ini disebut dengan subjective complement. subjective complement tersebut bisa berupa adjective, noun, atau adverb.

 

Certain common linking verbs

Linking verb	Meaning	Complement	Example
Appear	Nampak	Adjective	He appears sad          LV        C
Be	Sesuai konteks	§  Adjective §  Noun (phrase) §  Adverb	§ I am happy § She a student § They are here.
Become	Menjadi	Adjective Noun (phrase)	§  He becomes depressed §  She becomes a teacher
Feel	Terasa	Adjective	I feel shy
Get	Menjadi	Adjective Noun (phrase)	§  Her boss got angry §  You are getting a big girl now
Grow	Menjadi	Adjective	He grows older.
Keep	Tetap	Adjective	This coffee keeps warm
Look	Nampak	Adjective	You looks handsome.
Prove	Terbukti	Adjective	The rumor prove true.
Remain	Tetap	Adjective Noun (phrase)	She reminds silent. She remains a window
Seem	Nampak	Adjective Noun (phrase)	They seem pleasant She seems a reasonable person
Smell	Berbau	Adjective	The food smells good.
Sound	Terdengar	Adjective Noun (phrase)	Their excuse sounded reasonable That sounds a great idea.
Stay	Tetap	Adjective	He stays calm.
Taste	Terasa	Adjective	The food tastes good.
Turn	Menjadi	Adjective Noun	She turned pale. He turns traitor.

·      Auxilary verb

Adalah kata kerja bantu atau kata kerja yang mempunyai fungsi membatu pembentukan karakter tenses dalam sebuah kalimat.

Ada dua macam auxilary verb yaitu:

o  Primary auxilary

Adalah auxilary verb yang memberikan katakter tenses namun tidak memberikan makna tambahan pada tenses tersebut.

v  Be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being).

·         I am drinking a cup of coffee.

·         She is sleeping.

·         They were playing footbal.

v  Have, has, had

·         Have you eaten?

·         My sister has gone to palembang

·         I had studied english

v  Do, did, does.

·      She doesnt love you

·      Do you love me?

·      I didnt call you yesterday.

o  Modal auxilary

Adalah auxilary verb yang membentuk karakter tenses dan sekaligus memberikan makna perubahan pada ordinary verb seperti:

Can, could, will, shall, may, must, should, ...etc.

Eg:

·         I can drive a car.

Sayadapat mengendarai mobil.

·         My father will send me money next week.

Ayah saya akan mengirimkan saya uang minggu depan.

C.  Summary

Verb dapat dilasifikasikan kedalam tiga macam yaitu:

Þ  Verb is based on form (verb berdasarkan bentuk)

§  Present

o  Bare infinitive

   Do, be, study, put ...etc.

o  Additional infinitive

   Does, am, is, are, studies, puts ...etc.

o  To invinitive

   To Do, to be, to study, to put ...etc.

§  Past (V₂)

   Did, was, were, studied, put etc.

§  Participle 

o   Past participle (V₃)

   Done, been, stidied, put,,,etc

o   Present participle (V_ing)

   Doing, going, being, studying, etc

Þ  Verb is based on transformation (verb berdasarkan perubahan)

§  Regular verb

   Call  -  called – called

§  Irregular verb

   Buy   - bought   - bought

Þ  Verb is based on position (verb berdasarkan kedudukan)

§  Ordinary verb

o   Transitive verb

ü  Monotransitive verb

ü  Ditransitive verb

o   Intransitive verb

ü  Complete intransitive

ü  Incomplete intransitive verb

§  Auxilary verb

o   Primary auxilary verb

o   Modal auxilary verb

1.     Exercise for Lesson One Verb

 

Berikan tanda lingkar pada kata yang menujukkan bare infinitif (bi), garis bawahi additional infinitif (ad inf) dan dan tanda ceklis yang menujukkan to infinitif (to inf)!

           

HOW TO MAKE FRIED RICE Nasi goreng, "fried rice" is a familiar food from Indonesia; if you want to know how to prepare nasi goreng this is the procedure how to make nasi goreng. Just follow this explanation: Ingredients : 350 gr. Long Grain Rice, 2 Tbs. Vegetable Oil, 3 Eggs, 1 Onion, 2 Green Chillis, Sambal Ulek, 1 Garlic Clove, 1 Leek, 1 teaspoon Ground Coriander, 1 teaspoon Ground Cumin, 250 gr Chicken meat, 250 gr Shelled Prawns, and 3 Tbs Kecap Manis Steps : This dish is best made from cold leftover rice, but you can cook a fresh batch and leave it to cool for at least 4 hours. Beat the eggs and make into a omelet, slice into strips and set aside. Heat the oil in a wok or large frying pan. Add the chopped onion, leek, garlic and chilies. Fry until the onion is soft. Add the Coriander and Cumin. Slice Chicken into strips and add with the prawns to the onion mixture and cook, stirring occasionally until they are well mixed. Add the rice, soya sauce and omelet strips and cook for a further 5 minutes. Decorate with some of the leftover leek and serve hot. Enjoy. Sumber : https://www.englishindo.com/2014/10/contoh-procedure-text-cara-membuat-nasi.html  2.     Exercise for Lesson One Verb Berikut saya sajikan contoh cerita yang telah berlalu dikutip dari halaman blog English Coo. Pada contoh tersebut coba temukan sebanyak-banyaknya tentang Verb (V2) past form.   During my last holiday, I made a lot of handcrafts. At that time, I was crazy about art and creativity. Many ideas had come to my mind three months before. All of the ideas were written on my note book so I could read them again. Also, I searched other ideas from internet. Yap, I goggled it. I watched tutorial videos and read many art blogs. My parents helped me to prepare the materials. They also gave me money to buy things I needed. On the first day, I painted on some rocks. People call it rock art. It was so fun. My siblings joined me on the third day. Then, my siblings and I made paper crafts from used newspapers and magazines. Papers were rolled, shaped and glued together to create decorative designs. Many beautiful crafts were created. The last activity was sewing. My mother is a tailor so I learn how to sew from her. My mother helped me too. Sewing used clothes and towels was very fun. We produced many useful things. Finally, I really enjoyed my last holiday

Nah, Setelah anda membaca dan menemukan apa yang dicari, selanjutnya tulis kembali pada tabel kosong berikut:

Past form (V2)	Meaning	Past form (V2)	Meaning

Selanjutnya tulis kembali cerita diatas dalam bahasa indonesia pada kotak berikut:

Selama liburan terakhir saya, ………..

3.     Exercise for Lesson One Verb

Pada latihan ini, coba temukan verb ordinary dan Verb Auxilary pada beberapa kalimat berikut:

 

1.      The teacher can teach not only English but also Arabic.

2.      Now he is asking questions to see if the students have understood the lesson.

3.      As he is not satisfied with the answers, he will repeat the lesson tomorrow.

4.      John has been lying in hospital for two weeks.

5.      We visited him yesterday.

6.      He has recovered completely.

7.      Most probably he will come to school next week.

8.       Mark has been applying for jobs ever since he passed his examination in March.

9.      Last month he appeared for an interview.

10.  He is waiting for the results.

11.  I wrote to my friend a fortnight ago inviting her to spend the holidays with me.

12.  Yesterday, I received her reply.

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