SIMPLE PAST TENSE (REGULAR & IRREGULAR VERBS)

Panduan Lengkap Tata Bahasa Inggris untuk Pemula

(With Indonesian–English Parallel Explanation)

Dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris, salah satu tenses paling penting yang wajib dikuasai adalah Simple Past Tense. Tense ini digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau, baik itu pengalaman, peristiwa, maupun aktivitas sehari-hari.

Artikel ini membahas Simple Past Tense (Regular & Irregular Verbs) secara lengkap, sistematis,  dengan penjelasan paralel Bahasa Indonesia–Inggris, sehingga cocok untuk siswa, mahasiswa, guru, dan pembelajar mandiri.

 

Talking About the Past: English Learning Book | CV. Cemerlang Publishing (cvcemerlangpublishing.com)

🔹 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran | Learning Objectives

Bahasa Indonesia

Setelah mempelajari materi ini, pembaca diharapkan mampu:

1. Memahami konsep Simple Past Tense
2. Membedakan regular verbs dan irregular verbs
3. Menggunakan kata kerja bentuk lampau dengan benar
4. Mengidentifikasi penanda waktu lampau
5. Mengerjakan latihan Simple Past Tense secara tepat

English

After studying this lesson, learners will be able to:

1. Understand the concept of Simple Past Tense
2. Distinguish between regular and irregular verbs
3. Use past verb forms correctly
4. Identify time expressions for past events
5. Complete Simple Past Tense exercises accurately

 

🔹 2. Pengertian Simple Past Tense

What Is Simple Past Tense?

Bahasa Indonesia

Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan:

• Kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau
• Peristiwa yang sudah selesai
• Aktivitas yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu

Ciri utama Simple Past Tense:

• Menggunakan Verb 2 (past form)
• Disertai keterangan waktu lampau

English

Simple Past Tense is used to express:

• Actions that happened in the past
• Events that are already finished
• Activities that occurred at a specific time in the past

Main characteristics:

• Uses Verb 2 (past form)
• Often includes past time expressions

📌 Contoh:

• I studied English yesterday.
  → Saya belajar Bahasa Inggris kemarin.

 

🔹 3. Regular Verbs

Bahasa Indonesia

Regular verbs adalah kata kerja yang membentuk bentuk lampau dengan menambahkan -ed atau -d di akhir kata kerja.

English

Regular verbs are verbs that form the past tense by adding -ed or -d to the base form.

 

🧩 Pola Regular Verbs

Verb 1	Verb 2
play	played
work	worked
clean	cleaned
study	studied
visit	visited

📌 Catatan Penting (Spelling Rules):

• Verb berakhiran -e → tambah -d
  live → lived
• Verb berakhiran -y → y berubah jadi -ied
  study → studied

 

Contoh Kalimat Regular Verbs | Example Sentences

1. I played football yesterday.
   → Saya bermain sepak bola kemarin.
2. She studied English last night.
   → Dia belajar Bahasa Inggris tadi malam.
3. They visited their grandmother last week.
   → Mereka mengunjungi neneknya minggu lalu.

 

🔹 4. Irregular Verbs

Bahasa Indonesia

Irregular verbs adalah kata kerja yang tidak mengikuti pola -ed. Bentuk Verb 2 harus dihafalkan karena berubah secara tidak beraturan.

English

Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the -ed pattern. Their past forms must be memorized.

 

Contoh Irregular Verbs Umum

Verb 1	Verb 2
go	went
eat	ate
see	saw
take	took
come	came
buy	bought
do	did

 

Contoh Kalimat Irregular Verbs | Example Sentences

1. I went to school yesterday.
   → Saya pergi ke sekolah kemarin.
2. She ate breakfast early.
   → Dia sarapan lebih awal.
3. We saw a movie last night.
   → Kami menonton film tadi malam.

📌 Tips:
Irregular verbs tidak bisa ditebak, jadi harus sering dilatih dan dihafalkan.

 

🔹 5. Time Expressions (Penanda Waktu Lampau)

Bahasa Indonesia

Simple Past Tense biasanya disertai keterangan waktu lampau, seperti:

• yesterday (kemarin)
• last night (tadi malam)
• last week (minggu lalu)
• two days ago (dua hari yang lalu)
• in 2020
• when I was a child

English

Common time expressions in Simple Past Tense include:

• yesterday
• last night / last week / last year
• ago
• in + past year
• when + past clause

📌 Contoh:

• I met him two days ago.
• She lived in Jakarta in 2018.

 

🔹 6. Latihan Siswa | Student Exercises

A. Choose the Correct Verb Form

1. I ___ (go / went) to the market yesterday.
2. She ___ (study / studied) English last night.
3. We ___ (eat / ate) lunch at 12 p.m.

Answers:

1. went
2. studied
3. ate

 

B. Change the Verbs into Past Form

1. play → ______
2. see → ______
3. clean → ______
4. take → ______

Answers:

1. played
2. saw
3. cleaned
4. took

 

C. Make Sentences Using Simple Past Tense

1. (I / visit / my friend / last week)
2. (She / buy / a new bag / yesterday)

Sample Answers:

1. I visited my friend last week.
2. She bought a new bag yesterday.

 

D. Translate into English

1. Saya belajar tadi malam.
2. Mereka pergi ke pantai minggu lalu.
3. Dia melihat gurunya kemarin.

Sample Answers:

1. I studied last night.
2. They went to the beach last week.
3. He / She saw his / her teacher yesterday.

 

🔹 7. Penutup: Kesimpulan | Conclusion

Bahasa Indonesia

Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian di masa lampau. Pemahaman tentang regular verbs dan irregular verbs sangat penting agar tidak salah menggunakan bentuk kata kerja. Dengan latihan rutin, Simple Past Tense akan menjadi mudah dan alami digunakan dalam percakapan maupun tulisan.

English

Simple Past Tense is used to talk about past events. Understanding regular and irregular verbs is essential to avoid grammatical errors. With consistent practice, using Simple Past Tense will become easy and natural in both speaking and writing.

 

📌 Terus ikuti artikel terbaru di blog “Belajar Bahasa Inggris” untuk meningkatkan grammar, vocabulary, reading, dan writing secara bertahap dan terstruktur.

 

 

SIMPLE DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH WRITING

Panduan Menulis Paragraf Deskriptif Sederhana dalam Bahasa Inggris

(With Indonesian–English Parallel Explanation)

Kemampuan menulis (writing) merupakan salah satu keterampilan penting dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris. Salah satu bentuk tulisan paling dasar yang harus dikuasai oleh pemula adalah descriptive paragraph atau paragraf deskriptif. Paragraf ini membantu pembelajar menyampaikan gambaran tentang orang, tempat, benda, atau suasana secara jelas dan terstruktur.

Artikel ini membahas Simple Descriptive Paragraph Writing secara lengkap, sistematis, dilengkapi dengan penjelasan paralel Bahasa Indonesia–Inggris, sehingga sangat cocok untuk siswa SD, SMP, SMA, mahasiswa, maupun pembelajar mandiri.

 

Level 2 Developing Tense Understanding by Aco Nasir | CV. Cemerlang Publishing (cvcemerlangpublishing.com)

📘 Tujuan Pembelajaran | Learning Objectives

Bahasa Indonesia

Setelah mempelajari materi ini, pembaca diharapkan mampu:

1.      Memahami pengertian descriptive paragraph

2.      Mengidentifikasi ciri-ciri paragraf deskriptif sederhana

3.      Menyusun paragraf deskriptif dengan struktur yang benar

4.      Menggunakan kosakata dan tata bahasa sederhana

5.      Menulis paragraf deskriptif secara mandiri

English

After studying this lesson, learners will be able to:

1.      Understand what a descriptive paragraph is

2.      Identify the characteristics of a simple descriptive paragraph

3.      Organize ideas into a proper paragraph structure

4.      Use simple vocabulary and grammar

5.      Write a descriptive paragraph independently

 

📚 Apa Itu Descriptive Paragraph? | What Is a Descriptive Paragraph?

Bahasa Indonesia

Descriptive paragraph adalah paragraf yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu secara detail, sehingga pembaca dapat membayangkan objek yang dideskripsikan.

Objek yang biasanya dideskripsikan meliputi:

·         Orang (person)

·         Tempat (place)

·         Benda (thing)

·         Hewan (animal)

·         Suasana atau pengalaman (situation/experience)

Paragraf deskriptif biasanya fokus pada satu objek utama dan dikembangkan dengan kalimat pendukung.

English

A descriptive paragraph is a paragraph that aims to describe something in detail, allowing the reader to visualize the object being described.

Common objects of description include:

·         People

·         Places

·         Things

·         Animals

·         Situations or experiences

A descriptive paragraph usually focuses on one main topic and is developed with supporting details.

 

🧩 Struktur Descriptive Paragraph | Structure of a Descriptive Paragraph

Bahasa Indonesia

Paragraf deskriptif sederhana umumnya terdiri dari:

1.      Topic sentence – kalimat utama

2.      Supporting sentences – kalimat penjelas

3.      Concluding sentence (opsional)

English

A simple descriptive paragraph usually consists of:

1.      Topic sentence

2.      Supporting sentences

3.      Concluding sentence (optional)

 

🟦 Topic Sentence

Bahasa Indonesia:
Kalimat pembuka yang memperkenalkan objek yang akan dideskripsikan.

English:
The opening sentence that introduces the object being described.

📌 Contoh:

·         My best friend is a very kind person.
→ Sahabat terbaik saya adalah orang yang sangat baik.

 

🟦 Supporting Sentences

Bahasa Indonesia:
Kalimat pendukung yang menjelaskan detail objek, seperti:

·         penampilan

·         sifat

·         warna

·         ukuran

·         fungsi

English:
Supporting sentences give details such as:

·         appearance

·         characteristics

·         color

·         size

·         function

📌 Contoh:

·         She has long black hair and a friendly smile.
→ Dia memiliki rambut hitam panjang dan senyum yang ramah.

 

🟦 Concluding Sentence

Bahasa Indonesia:
Kalimat penutup yang menyimpulkan atau menegaskan kembali deskripsi.

English:
A concluding sentence restates or summarizes the description.

📌 Contoh:

·         I am very happy to have her as my friend.
→ Saya sangat senang memiliki dia sebagai sahabat.

 

📝 Contoh Descriptive Paragraph | Example Paragraph

Describing a Person

English Paragraph:

My mother is a very caring person. She is medium-height and has short black hair. She always wakes up early to prepare breakfast for our family. Her smile makes everyone feel comfortable. I love my mother very much.

Bahasa Indonesia (Penjelasan):
Paragraf ini mendeskripsikan seorang ibu, dimulai dari kalimat utama, dilanjutkan dengan detail fisik dan sifat, lalu ditutup dengan perasaan penulis.

 

Describing a Place

English Paragraph:

My classroom is clean and comfortable. It has large windows and bright walls. There are twenty desks and one whiteboard in the room. I like studying in my classroom because it makes me feel happy.

 

✨ Ciri-Ciri Simple Descriptive Paragraph

Bahasa Indonesia

·         Fokus pada satu objek

·         Menggunakan Simple Present Tense

·         Banyak menggunakan adjectives

·         Kalimat sederhana dan jelas

English

·         Focuses on one object

·         Uses Simple Present Tense

·         Contains many adjectives

·         Simple and clear sentences

 

🧠 Latihan (Practice)

A. Identify the Topic Sentence

Paragraph:

My cat is very cute. It has white fur and blue eyes. It likes playing with a ball. I really love my cat.

Question:
Which sentence is the topic sentence?

Answer:
→ My cat is very cute.

 

B. Fill in the Blanks

1.      My school is very ____. (clean / cleans)

2.      It has ____ classrooms. (many / much)

3.      The garden is ____ and green. (beautiful / beautifully)

Answers:

1.      clean

2.      many

3.      beautiful

 

C. Arrange the Sentences into a Good Paragraph

a. I like my bedroom very much.
b. It has a small bed and a desk.
c. My bedroom is clean and tidy.

Correct Order:
c – b – a

 

D. Writing Practice

Task:
Write a simple descriptive paragraph (5–6 sentences) about:

·         Your best friend or

·         Your favorite place or

·         Your favorite object

Guidelines:

·         Use Simple Present Tense

·         Use at least 3 adjectives

·         Focus on one object only

 

🚀 Tips Menulis Descriptive Paragraph dengan Baik

Bahasa Indonesia

·         Buat kerangka sebelum menulis

·         Gunakan kosakata sederhana

·         Jangan menulis kalimat terlalu panjang

English

·         Make an outline before writing

·         Use simple vocabulary

·         Avoid very long sentences

 

✨ Kesimpulan | Conclusion

Bahasa Indonesia

Simple descriptive paragraph adalah dasar penting dalam keterampilan menulis Bahasa Inggris. Dengan memahami struktur dan ciri-cirinya, Anda dapat menulis paragraf yang jelas, runtut, dan mudah dipahami.

English

A simple descriptive paragraph is a fundamental writing skill in English. By understanding its structure and features, you can write paragraphs that are clear, organized, and easy to understand.

 

📌 Terus ikuti artikel terbaru di blog “Belajar Bahasa Inggris” untuk meningkatkan kemampuan grammar, vocabulary, reading, dan writing Anda secara bertahap.