Fungsi "To
Be" (Present): Penggunaan Am, Is, dan Are dalam Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini, peserta didik diharapkan mampu:
- Memahami fungsi to
be (am, is, dan are)
dalam Simple Present Tense.
- Menggunakan to
be untuk menyatakan identitas, profesi, keadaan, perasaan,
lokasi, dan waktu.
- Membuat kalimat
positif, negatif, dan kalimat tanya menggunakan to be.
- Menghindari kesalahan
umum dalam penggunaan to be.
- Menggunakan to be dalam percakapan
sederhana sehari-hari.
Apa Itu "To Be"?
Dalam bahasa Inggris, to be
merupakan salah satu kata kerja (verb) yang paling penting dan paling sering
digunakan. Bentuk to be dalam Simple Present Tense terdiri atas tiga
kata, yaitu:
- am
- is
- are
Berbeda dengan bahasa Indonesia yang sering kali tidak memerlukan kata
penghubung, dalam bahasa Inggris penggunaan to be sangat penting ketika kalimat tidak menggunakan kata kerja utama (main verb).
To be berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara subjek dengan informasi yang
menjelaskan subjek tersebut.
Perhatikan contoh berikut.
Bahasa Indonesia
- Saya seorang siswa.
- Dia seorang dokter.
- Mereka bahagia.
Dalam bahasa Indonesia tidak ada kata penghubung di antara subjek dan
keterangan. Namun, dalam bahasa Inggris harus ditambahkan to be.
Bahasa Inggris
- I am
a student.
- He is
a doctor.
- They are
happy.
Tanpa to be, kalimat
tersebut menjadi tidak benar secara tata bahasa.
❌ I a student.
✅ I am a student.
Bentuk To Be dalam Present
Tense
Setiap subjek memiliki pasangan to
be yang berbeda.
|
Subject |
To Be |
Contoh |
|
I |
am |
I am happy. |
|
You |
are |
You are smart. |
|
He |
is |
He is a
doctor. |
|
She |
is |
She is beautiful. |
|
It |
is |
It is cold
today. |
|
We |
are |
We are classmates. |
|
They |
are |
They are
busy. |
Cara paling mudah menghafalnya adalah:
I → am
He, She, It → is
You, We, They → are
Fungsi "To Be"
dalam Kalimat
Secara umum, to be
memiliki beberapa fungsi utama dalam bahasa Inggris. Berikut penjelasannya.
1. Menyatakan Identitas
Fungsi pertama to be
adalah untuk menjelaskan siapa seseorang.
Contoh:
- I am Ahmad.
- She is Rina.
- He is Mr. Hasan.
- They are my classmates.
- We are Indonesian.
Artinya:
- Saya Ahmad.
- Dia Rina.
- Dia Pak Hasan.
- Mereka teman sekelas
saya.
- Kami orang Indonesia.
Contoh dalam percakapan
A : Who are you?
B : I am Dinda.
A : Nice to meet you.
B : Nice to meet you, too.
2. Menyatakan Profesi atau
Pekerjaan
To be juga digunakan untuk menjelaskan pekerjaan seseorang.
Contoh:
- I am a student.
- She is a teacher.
- He is a doctor.
- My father is a farmer.
- My mother is a nurse.
- They are engineers.
- We are university
students.
Perhatikan bahwa setelah profesi tunggal biasanya digunakan artikel a atau an.
Contoh:
- She is a
teacher.
- He is a
pilot.
- I am an
accountant.
- She is an
engineer.
3. Menyatakan Perasaan atau
Emosi
To be digunakan bersama kata sifat (adjective)
untuk menyatakan perasaan.
Contoh:
- I am happy.
- She is sad.
- He is angry.
- We are excited.
- They are nervous.
- You are lucky.
- I am proud of you.
Kosakata yang sering digunakan:
|
Adjective |
Arti |
|
happy |
bahagia |
|
sad |
sedih |
|
tired |
lelah |
|
angry |
marah |
|
hungry |
lapar |
|
thirsty |
haus |
|
excited |
bersemangat |
|
nervous |
gugup |
|
bored |
bosan |
|
worried |
khawatir |
Contoh:
- I am hungry.
- We are tired after
school.
- She is nervous before
the exam.
- They are excited about
the holiday.
4. Menyatakan Keadaan atau
Kondisi
Selain perasaan, to be juga
digunakan untuk menyatakan kondisi seseorang atau sesuatu.
Contoh:
- The classroom is clean.
- The book is
interesting.
- The weather is hot.
- My phone is new.
- The food is delicious.
- The road is busy.
- The room is quiet.
Perhatikan bahwa semua kata setelah to be merupakan kata sifat (adjective).
5. Menyatakan Lokasi atau
Tempat
To be sering digunakan bersama keterangan tempat (prepositional phrase) untuk menunjukkan lokasi.
Contoh:
- He is in the classroom.
- She is at home.
- They are in the
library.
- We are at school.
- The cat is under the
table.
- My bag is on the chair.
- The students are in the
laboratory.
Contoh lain:
- I am in Makassar.
- My father is at work.
- The children are in the
playground.
- The teacher is in the
office.
6. Menyatakan Waktu, Cuaca,
dan Tanggal
Dalam bahasa Inggris, to be
juga digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu, cuaca, dan tanggal.
Waktu
- It is seven o'clock.
- It is half past eight.
- It is midnight.
Cuaca
- It is sunny.
- It is rainy.
- It is cloudy.
- It is windy.
- It is cold.
- It is hot today.
Tanggal
- Today is Monday.
- It is July 15.
- Tomorrow is Friday.
Catatan Penting
Penggunaan to be harus
sesuai dengan subjeknya.
|
Subject |
To Be |
|
I |
am |
|
He |
is |
|
She |
is |
|
It |
is |
|
You |
are |
|
We |
are |
|
They |
are |
Ingat pola sederhana berikut:
I AM
HE, SHE, IT IS
YOU, WE, THEY ARE
Menghafalkan pola ini akan sangat membantu ketika membuat kalimat.
Bentuk Negatif (Negative
Sentences)
Untuk membuat kalimat negatif, cukup tambahkan not setelah to be.
Rumus:
Subject + To Be + Not +
Complement
Contoh:
|
Positif |
Negatif |
Arti |
|
I am a student. |
I am not a
student. |
Saya bukan murid. |
|
He is a doctor. |
He is not a doctor. |
Dia bukan dokter. |
|
She is happy. |
She is not happy. |
Dia tidak
bahagia. |
|
It is expensive. |
It is not expensive. |
Itu tidak mahal. |
|
We are ready. |
We are not ready. |
Kami belum siap. |
|
They are busy. |
They are not busy. |
Mereka tidak sibuk. |
Bentuk Singkat
(Contractions)
Dalam percakapan sehari-hari, penutur asli lebih sering menggunakan
bentuk singkat.
|
Bentuk Lengkap |
Bentuk Singkat |
|
I am |
I'm |
|
He is |
He's |
|
She is |
She's |
|
It is |
It's |
|
We are |
We're |
|
You are |
You're |
|
They are |
They're |
|
is not |
isn't |
|
are not |
aren't |
Contoh:
- I'm happy.
- She's my sister.
- He's a teacher.
- They're busy.
- We aren't late.
- It isn't cold today.
Penggunaan bentuk singkat membuat percakapan terdengar lebih alami.
Kalimat Tanya (Yes/No
Questions)
Untuk membuat pertanyaan Yes/No,
pindahkan to be ke depan subjek.
Rumus:
To Be + Subject + Complement
+ ?
Contoh:
|
Positif |
Pertanyaan |
Arti |
|
You are a
teacher. |
Are you a
teacher? |
Apakah Anda
seorang guru? |
|
He is tired. |
Is he tired? |
Apakah dia lelah? |
|
She is happy. |
Is she happy? |
Apakah dia
bahagia? |
|
They are
students. |
Are they students? |
Apakah mereka siswa? |
|
We are ready. |
Are we ready? |
Apakah kita
siap? |
|
I am late. |
Am I late? |
Apakah saya terlambat? |
Cara Menjawab Yes/No Questions
Pertanyaan:
Are you a student?
Jawaban:
- Yes, I am.
- No, I'm not.
Pertanyaan:
Is he your brother?
Jawaban:
- Yes, he is.
- No, he isn't.
Pertanyaan:
Are they at school?
Jawaban:
- Yes, they are.
- No, they aren't.
Contoh Percakapan
Dialog 1
A : Are you a student?
B : Yes, I am.
A : Which school do you study at?
B : I study at SMA Negeri 1.
Dialog 2
A : Is she your sister?
B : Yes, she is.
A : Is she a teacher?
B : No, she isn't. She is a doctor.
Dialog 3
A : Are they in the classroom?
B : No, they aren't.
A : Where are they?
B : They are in the library.
Dialog 4
A : Is your father at home?
B : No, he isn't.
A : Where is he?
B : He is at work.
Kesalahan yang Sering
Terjadi
Berikut beberapa kesalahan umum yang sering dilakukan oleh pelajar
bahasa Inggris.
Salah
He are my friend.
Benar
He is my friend.
Salah
They is happy.
Benar
They are happy.
Salah
I is hungry.
Benar
I am hungry.
Salah
She am a nurse.
Benar
She is a nurse.
Salah
We is ready.
Benar
We are ready.
Salah
Is they students?
Benar
Are they students?
Latihan
A. Lengkapilah dengan am, is, atau are.
- I ____ happy today.
- She ____ a teacher.
- They ____ in the
classroom.
- We ____ friends.
- It ____ very hot today.
- You ____ my best
friend.
- He ____ a doctor.
- My parents ____ at
home.
- The dog ____ under the
table.
- The students ____ ready
for the test.
Kunci Jawaban:
- am
- is
- are
- are
- is
- are
- is
- are
- is
- are
B. Ubah menjadi kalimat
negatif.
- She is a nurse.
- They are busy.
- I am tired.
- We are ready.
- It is expensive.
Contoh Jawaban:
- She is not a nurse.
- They are not busy.
- I am not tired.
- We are not ready.
- It is not expensive.
C. Ubah menjadi kalimat
tanya.
- He is a teacher.
- You are happy.
- They are at school.
- I am late.
- She is your sister.
Contoh Jawaban:
- Is he a teacher?
- Are you happy?
- Are they at school?
- Am I late?
- Is she your sister?
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata kerja “to be” sangat penting karena digunakan untuk menjelaskan keadaan, identitas, atau keberadaan seseorang atau sesuatu.
Kata ini berubah bentuk tergantung pada waktu (tenses) dan subjek
kalimatnya.
Mari kita pelajari bersama dalam
tiga bentuk utama:
π Present Form (am, is, are)
π Past Form (was, were)
π Future Form (will be)
π PRESENT FORM (AM, IS, ARE)
✨ Pengertian:
“To be” dalam bentuk present
digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan yang terjadi sekarang (present time).
πΉ Bentuk & Pasangan yang
Tepat:
|
Subject |
To Be |
Contoh
Kalimat |
Arti |
|
I |
am |
I am a student. |
Saya seorang murid. |
|
You |
are |
You are my friend. |
Kamu adalah teman saya. |
|
He |
is |
He is a doctor. |
Dia seorang dokter. |
|
She |
is |
She is beautiful. |
Dia cantik. |
|
It |
is |
It is a cat. |
Itu seekor kucing. |
|
We |
are |
We are happy. |
Kami bahagia. |
|
They |
are |
They are at school. |
Mereka di sekolah. |
π¬ Fungsi “To Be” (Present)
- Untuk menyatakan identitas / profesi:
She is a teacher.
I am a student.
- Untuk menyatakan perasaan / keadaan:
They are tired.
I am happy.
- Untuk menyatakan lokasi / tempat:
He is in the classroom.
We are at home.
⚠️ Catatan
Penting:
- Gunakan am hanya dengan I.
- Gunakan is untuk he, she, it.
- Gunakan are untuk you, we, they.
π§© Negatif Form
(kalimat negatif):
Tambahkan not setelah to be.
|
Bentuk
Positif |
Bentuk
Negatif |
Arti |
|
I am a
student. |
I am not a student. |
Saya bukan murid. |
|
She is tall. |
She is not tall. |
Dia tidak tinggi. |
|
They are
happy. |
They are not happy. |
Mereka tidak bahagia. |
π£️ Kalimat Tanya
(Yes/No Question):
Tukar posisi to be dan subject.
|
Kalimat
Positif |
Kalimat
Tanya |
Arti |
|
You are a
teacher. |
Are you a teacher? |
Apakah kamu guru? |
|
He is tired. |
Is he tired? |
Apakah dia lelah? |
|
I am late. |
Am I late? |
Apakah saya terlambat? |
π TO BE (WAS, WERE) – PAST FORM
✨ Pengertian:
“To be” dalam bentuk past form
digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan di masa lalu.
|
Subject |
To Be (Past) |
Contoh
Kalimat |
Arti |
|
I |
was |
I was a student. |
Saya dulu murid. |
|
He |
was |
He was tired yesterday. |
Dia lelah kemarin. |
|
She |
was |
She was at home. |
Dia di rumah. |
|
It |
was |
It was sunny yesterday. |
Kemarin cerah. |
|
You |
were |
You were late. |
Kamu terlambat. |
|
We |
were |
We were happy. |
Kami senang. |
|
They |
were |
They were in the park. |
Mereka di taman. |
π¬ Fungsi “Was” dan “Were”
- Untuk menyatakan keadaan di masa lalu:
I was hungry yesterday.
They were tired after the game.
- Untuk menyatakan lokasi di masa lalu:
She was at school yesterday.
We were at home last night.
π§©
Bentuk Negatif:
Tambahkan not setelah was
/ were.
|
Kalimat
Positif |
Kalimat
Negatif |
Arti |
|
I was happy. |
I was not (wasn’t) happy. |
Saya tidak bahagia. |
|
They were
late. |
They were not (weren’t) late. |
Mereka tidak terlambat. |
π£️
Kalimat Tanya:
Tukar posisi to be dan subject.
|
Kalimat Positif |
Kalimat Tanya |
Arti |
|
She was at home. |
Was she at home? |
Apakah dia di rumah? |
|
They were tired. |
Were they tired? |
Apakah mereka lelah? |
π TO BE (BE) – FUTURE FORM
✨ Pengertian:
“To be” dalam bentuk future
digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan atau rencana di masa depan.
Strukturnya:
Subject + will be + complement
|
Subject |
To Be
(Future) |
Contoh
Kalimat |
Arti |
|
I |
will be |
I will be a teacher. |
Saya akan menjadi guru. |
|
You |
will be |
You will be happy. |
Kamu akan bahagia. |
|
He / She /
It |
will be |
He will be a doctor. |
Dia akan menjadi dokter. |
|
We |
will be |
We will be friends forever. |
Kita akan jadi teman selamanya. |
|
They |
will be |
They will be at home. |
Mereka akan di rumah. |
π¬ Fungsi “Will Be”
- Untuk menyatakan rencana / cita-cita di masa depan:
I will be a pilot someday.
- Untuk menyatakan keadaan di masa depan:
The weather will be sunny tomorrow.
- Untuk menyatakan lokasi di masa depan:
We will be in Jakarta next week.
π§© Bentuk
Negatif:
Tambahkan not setelah will.
|
Kalimat
Positif |
Kalimat
Negatif |
Arti |
|
I will be
happy. |
I will not (won’t) be happy. |
Saya tidak akan bahagia. |
|
They will be
here. |
They won’t be here. |
Mereka tidak akan di sini. |
π£️
Kalimat Tanya:
Letakkan will di awal
kalimat.
|
Kalimat
Positif |
Kalimat
Tanya |
Arti |
|
She will be
a doctor. |
Will she be a doctor? |
Apakah dia akan jadi dokter? |
|
They will be
late. |
Will they be late? |
Apakah mereka akan terlambat? |
π Rangkuman Singkat
|
Waktu |
Bentuk To Be |
Contoh |
Arti |
|
Present |
am / is / are |
I am happy. |
Saya bahagia. |
|
Past |
was / were |
I was tired. |
Saya lelah. |
|
Future |
will be |
I will be strong. |
Saya akan kuat. |
π Latihan Sederhana
Lengkapi dengan bentuk to be
yang tepat (am, is, are, was, were, will be):
- I ____ a student.
- They ____ happy yesterday.
- She ____ beautiful.
- We ____ at home last night.
- He ____ a doctor next year.
π‘ Kunci Jawaban:
- am
- were
- is
- were
- will be
π― Aktivitas Kelas
π² Game: “Time Traveler Sentences”
Guru menyebutkan kata keterangan waktu, siswa membuat kalimat sesuai tense-nya!
Contoh:
- (today) → I am happy.
- (yesterday) → I was happy.
- (tomorrow) → I will be happy.
Siswa bergantian membuat kalimat
sambil menebak bentuk to be yang tepat. π
π Penugasan (Homework)
✏️ Tugas Rumah:
Buat 6 kalimat menggunakan to be dengan 3 bentuk waktu berbeda:
- 2 kalimat present form
- 2 kalimat past form
- 2 kalimat future form
πContoh:
- I am a teacher.
- They are in the classroom.
- I was at school yesterday.
- She was tired last night.
- I will be happy tomorrow.
- We will be at the beach next week.
π Penutup
“To be” adalah fondasi utama
dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris.
Dengan menguasai bentuk am, is, are, was, were, dan will be,
kamu bisa membuat banyak kalimat dasar dengan mudah. π
“Learn the basics well, and
English will feel easy!” π¬
Rangkuman
To be (am, is, dan are) merupakan salah satu unsur paling mendasar dalam tata bahasa Inggris. Fungsinya bukan hanya sebagai penghubung antara subjek dan informasi yang menjelaskan subjek, tetapi juga untuk menyatakan identitas, profesi, perasaan, keadaan, lokasi, waktu, cuaca, dan tanggal. Penggunaan to be harus selalu disesuaikan dengan subjek: am hanya digunakan dengan I, is digunakan untuk he, she, dan it, sedangkan are digunakan untuk you, we, dan they. Selain itu, to be juga menjadi dasar dalam membentuk kalimat negatif dengan menambahkan not, serta kalimat tanya dengan memindahkan to be ke awal kalimat. Menguasai penggunaan to be akan memudahkan peserta didik dalam mempelajari materi bahasa Inggris yang lebih kompleks, seperti Simple Present Tense, Present Continuous Tense, maupun berbagai bentuk komunikasi lisan dan tulisan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan latihan yang konsisten melalui membaca, menulis, dan berdialog, penggunaan to be akan menjadi lebih tepat, alami, dan percaya diri.
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