🗣️ Kalimat Nominal dalam Tenses (Nominal Sentences
in English Tenses)
🟦 1. Pengantar (Introduction)
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat nominal (nominal sentence)
adalah kalimat yang tidak memiliki kata kerja
aksi (action verb), tetapi menggunakan kata
kerja bantu “to be” seperti am, is, are, was, were,
will be untuk menunjukkan keadaan, sifat,
identitas, atau keberadaan subjek.
👉 In short:
Nominal sentences use “to be” (am, is, are, was, were, will be)
to describe states or conditions, not actions.
Contohnya:
·
She is
beautiful. → (Dia cantik.)
·
They are
students. → (Mereka adalah siswa.)
·
He was
tired yesterday. → (Dia lelah kemarin.)
Panduan Praktis Belajar Kata Kerja belajar Bahasa Inggris | CV. Cemerlang Publishing
🟩 2. Fungsi “To Be” dalam Kalimat Nominal
Kata kerja bantu to be menyesuaikan
bentuknya berdasarkan subjek dan waktu
(tenses).
Itulah mengapa penting untuk memahami kalimat nominal dalam
berbagai tenses.
🟨 3. Kalimat Nominal dalam Berbagai Tenses
Berikut penjelasan dan contoh kalimat nominal dalam beberapa bentuk tenses
utama 👇
🔹 A. Simple
Present Tense
Rumus:
Subject + am / is / are + Complement
Keterangan:
Digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan, sifat, atau identitas yang sedang
berlaku sekarang atau bersifat umum.
|
Subjek |
To
Be |
Contoh
Kalimat |
Arti |
|
I |
am |
I am a student. |
Saya seorang siswa. |
|
He / She / It |
is |
She is
beautiful. |
Dia cantik. |
|
You / We / They |
are |
They are friends. |
Mereka adalah teman. |
✅ Contoh lainnya:
·
The sky is
blue.
·
We are
happy today.
·
I am
from Indonesia.
🔹 B. Present
Continuous Tense (Tidak digunakan untuk nominal)
Catatan penting:
Kalimat nominal tidak digunakan dalam bentuk continuous
(-ing form) karena tidak mengandung kata kerja aksi.
Bentuk continuous hanya berlaku untuk verbal sentence.
❌ Bukan: She is
being happy.
✅ Benar: She is
happy.
🔹 C. Simple
Past Tense
Rumus:
Subject + was / were + Complement
Keterangan:
Digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan, identitas, atau situasi di masa
lampau.
|
Subjek |
To
Be (Past) |
Contoh
Kalimat |
Arti |
|
I / He / She / It |
was |
She was a teacher. |
Dia dulu seorang guru. |
|
You / We / They |
were |
They were
tired yesterday. |
Mereka lelah kemarin. |
✅ Contoh lainnya:
·
I was
at home last night.
·
The weather was
cold.
·
We were
in Bali last year.
🔹 D. Present
Perfect Tense (Jarang digunakan untuk nominal)
Kalimat nominal tidak umum menggunakan
bentuk Present Perfect karena struktur tense ini memerlukan
kata kerja bentuk ketiga (past participle).
Namun, jika ingin menyatakan keadaan yang sudah berlangsung hingga sekarang,
bisa digunakan dengan kata “have/has been”.
Rumus:
Subject + has/have been + Complement
Contoh:
·
She has
been very busy lately. → (Dia telah sangat sibuk akhir-akhir
ini.)
·
They have
been at home since morning. → (Mereka telah di rumah sejak
pagi.)
🔹 E. Simple
Future Tense
Rumus:
Subject + will be + Complement
Keterangan:
Digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan atau identitas di masa depan.
|
Subjek |
To
Be |
Contoh
Kalimat |
Arti |
|
Semua subjek |
will be |
She will be a doctor. |
Dia akan menjadi dokter. |
✅ Contoh lainnya:
·
I will
be at school tomorrow.
·
They will
be happy to see you.
·
It will
be a great day.
🔹 F. Past
Continuous / Future Continuous (Tidak digunakan)
Kalimat nominal tidak memiliki bentuk continuous,
karena bentuk ini hanya digunakan untuk kata kerja aksi.
Jadi, nominal sentence hanya memakai bentuk to be sederhana (am,
is, are, was, were, will be).
🔹 G. Past
Perfect Tense
Bentuk nominal dalam Past Perfect dapat
digunakan untuk menunjukkan keadaan di masa lampau sebelum
kejadian lain terjadi.
Rumus:
Subject + had been + Complement
Contoh:
·
She had
been a teacher before she moved here.
→ (Dia pernah menjadi guru sebelum pindah ke sini.)
·
They had
been very close friends.
→ (Mereka pernah menjadi teman dekat.)
🟧 4. Ringkasan Bentuk “To Be” dalam Setiap Tense
|
Tense |
Rumus |
To
Be |
Contoh
Kalimat |
|
Simple Present |
S + am/is/are + C |
am, is, are |
She is beautiful. |
|
Simple Past |
S + was/were + C |
was, were |
They were
happy. |
|
Present Perfect |
S + has/have been + C |
has been, have been |
He has been sick. |
|
Simple Future |
S + will be + C |
will be |
I will
be a doctor. |
|
Past Perfect |
S + had been + C |
had been |
She had been tired. |
🟨 5. Contoh Kalimat Nominal dalam Berbagai Tenses
|
Tense |
Contoh
Kalimat |
Arti |
|
Simple Present |
She is a student. |
Dia seorang pelajar. |
|
Simple Past |
She was
a student. |
Dia dulu seorang pelajar. |
|
Present Perfect |
She has been a student for three
years. |
Dia telah menjadi pelajar selama
tiga tahun. |
|
Simple Future |
She will
be a teacher. |
Dia akan menjadi guru. |
|
Past Perfect |
She had been a teacher before
moving to Jakarta. |
Dia pernah menjadi guru sebelum
pindah ke Jakarta. |
🟩 6. Catatan Penting (Notes)
1. Kalimat nominal tidak memiliki action
verb.
o
❌
She writes a letter → verbal
o
✅
She is a teacher → nominal
2. Kata kerja “to be” wajib ada
untuk menghubungkan subjek dan pelengkap.
o
❌
She beautiful → salah
o
✅
She is beautiful → benar
3. Complement bisa berupa:
o
Noun → She
is a doctor.
o
Adjective → He
is happy.
o
Adverb → We
are here.
🟧 7. Latihan (Practice Exercise)
Tentukan tense yang digunakan dan ubahlah ke bentuk nominal
sentence!
1. (Present) — He ___ a good student.
2. (Past) — They ___ in the park yesterday.
3. (Future) — I ___ a teacher next year.
4. (Present Perfect) — She ___ very tired lately.
5. (Past Perfect) — We ___ at school before it rained.
✅ Jawaban:
1. is → He is
a good student.
2. were → They were
in the park yesterday.
3. will be → I will
be a teacher next year.
4. has been → She has
been very tired lately.
5. had been → We had
been at school before it rained.
✨ 8. Kesimpulan (Conclusion)
Kalimat Nominal dalam berbagai tenses
menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kata kerja bantu to be
akan berubah sesuai dengan waktu kejadian (tenses)
dan subjek kalimat.
Kalimat ini tidak menunjukkan tindakan,
tetapi menjelaskan keadaan, sifat, identitas,
atau keberadaan subjek.
💡 Nominal sentences
describe what something or someone is — across different times (tenses).
📘 Rangkuman
Singkat
|
Aspek |
Keterangan |
|
Definisi |
Kalimat tanpa kata kerja aksi,
menggunakan “to be” sebagai predikat |
|
Fungsi |
Menjelaskan identitas, sifat, atau keadaan |
|
Kata Kerja Bantu |
am, is, are, was, were, will be,
has/have been |
|
Contoh |
She is a teacher. / They were happy. / I will be there. |
