Understanding the Past Tense (Mudah dan Lengkap!) Lesson 6

Belajar Membuat Kalimat Positif, Negatif, dan Pertanyaan dalam Bentuk Past Tense

Halo teman-teman pembelajar bahasa Inggris! 👋
Kali ini kita akan belajar tentang Past Tense, khususnya cara membuat:

• Kalimat affirmative (positif),
• Kalimat negative (negatif),
• Kalimat Yes/No questions, dan
• Kalimat questions with What dalam bentuk Past Tense.

Siap? Yuk kita mulai pelan-pelan!

 

🌤️ 1. Affirmative Statements in the Past Tense

Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau.

🧩 Rumus umum:

Subject + Verb (past form) + Object

🗣️ Contoh:

Subject	Verb (past form)	Object / Keterangan
I	visited	my grandmother yesterday.
She	watched	a movie last night.
They	played	football after school.
We	studied	English last Monday.

📝 Catatan penting:

• Gunakan bentuk Verb 2 (past form).
  Contoh: go → went, eat → ate, see → saw, buy → bought.
• Untuk regular verbs, tambahkan -ed di akhir kata kerja.
  Contoh: play → played, visit → visited, work → worked.

 

📘 Lesson 5 🌤️ 1. Affirmative Statements in the Past Tense (Kalimat Positif dalam Simple Past Tense) Tujuan Pembelajaran Simple Past Tense merupakan salah satu tenses yang paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Tense ini digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian, aktivitas, pengalaman, atau peristiwa yang sudah selesai terjadi di masa lampau. Setelah mempelajari materi ini, Anda diharapkan mampu: Memahami fungsi Simple Past Tense. Menyusun kalimat positif menggunakan bentuk lampau (Verb 2). Membedakan regular verbs dan irregular verbs. Menggunakan keterangan waktu (time expressions) yang tepat. Menulis dan menceritakan pengalaman masa lalu dalam bahasa Inggris.   Apa Itu Simple Past Tense? Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk membicarakan peristiwa yang dimulai dan selesai di masa lalu. Dengan kata lain, kejadian tersebut sudah berakhir dan tidak sedang berlangsung saat ini. Contoh dalam bahasa Indonesia: Saya pergi ke sekolah kemarin. Kami bermain sepak bola minggu lalu. Dia menonton film tadi malam. Mereka membeli mobil tahun lalu. Semua contoh tersebut menggunakan waktu lampau sehingga dalam bahasa Inggris kita menggunakan Simple Past Tense.   Kapan Menggunakan Simple Past Tense? Simple Past digunakan untuk berbagai situasi berikut. 1. Kejadian yang selesai di masa lalu Contoh: I visited my grandmother yesterday. → Saya mengunjungi nenek saya kemarin. She watched a movie last night. → Dia menonton film tadi malam. We cleaned the house yesterday. → Kami membersihkan rumah kemarin.   2. Kebiasaan di masa lalu Contoh: I played outside every afternoon when I was a child. → Saya bermain di luar setiap sore ketika masih kecil. My grandfather walked to work every day. → Kakek saya berjalan kaki ke tempat kerja setiap hari.   3. Serangkaian kegiatan di masa lalu Contoh: I woke up, took a shower, had breakfast, and went to school. → Saya bangun, mandi, sarapan, lalu pergi ke sekolah. She finished her homework, watched television, and went to bed. → Dia menyelesaikan PR, menonton televisi, lalu tidur.   4. Pengalaman yang sudah selesai Contoh: We visited Bali last year. → Kami mengunjungi Bali tahun lalu. They traveled to Japan in 2022. → Mereka bepergian ke Jepang pada tahun 2022.   Rumus Simple Past Tense (Kalimat Positif) Pola dasar Simple Past Tense adalah: Subject + Verb 2 + Object/Complement + Time Expression Contoh Subject Verb 2 Object / Keterangan I visited my grandmother yesterday. She watched a movie last night. They played football after school. We studied English last Monday. He bought a new laptop last week. My parents cooked dinner yesterday evening.   Bentuk Subject Semua subject menggunakan pola yang sama, yaitu Verb 2. Subject Contoh I I visited my uncle. You You played basketball. We We cooked dinner. They They watched television. He He bought a bicycle. She She cleaned the room. It It rained yesterday. Berbeda dengan Simple Present Tense, pada Simple Past tidak ada perubahan bentuk kata kerja berdasarkan subjek. Bandingkan: Simple Present He plays football. Simple Past He played football.   Memahami Verb 2 Hal yang paling penting dalam Simple Past adalah menggunakan Verb 2. Verb dalam bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar: Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs   Regular Verbs Regular verbs membentuk Verb 2 dengan menambahkan -ed atau -d. Verb 1 Verb 2 Meaning play played bermain visit visited mengunjungi work worked bekerja clean cleaned membersihkan watch watched menonton cook cooked memasak open opened membuka close closed menutup wash washed mencuci help helped membantu finish finished menyelesaikan start started memulai Contoh Kalimat I played football yesterday. She visited her aunt last weekend. We cleaned the classroom. My father washed the car. They worked until five o'clock. He finished his homework.   Cara Menambahkan -ed 1. Kata kerja biasa Tambahkan -ed. play → played visit → visited cook → cooked   2. Kata kerja berakhiran e Tambahkan -d saja. love → loved live → lived close → closed move → moved   3. Kata kerja berakhiran konsonan + y Ubah y menjadi i, lalu tambahkan -ed. study → studied carry → carried try → tried cry → cried Contoh: We studied English yesterday. She carried the bags.   4. Kata kerja satu suku kata dengan pola konsonan-vokal-konsonan (CVC) Huruf konsonan terakhir digandakan. stop → stopped plan → planned shop → shopped Contoh: We stopped at a gas station. She planned a surprise party.   Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs tidak mengikuti aturan -ed. Bentuk Verb 2 harus dihafalkan. Verb 1 Verb 2 Meaning go went pergi eat ate makan drink drank minum come came datang see saw melihat buy bought membeli bring brought membawa give gave memberi take took mengambil make made membuat write wrote menulis read read (/red/) membaca speak spoke berbicara drive drove mengemudi swim swam berenang run ran berlari find found menemukan lose lost kehilangan have had memiliki do did melakukan begin began memulai break broke memecahkan choose chose memilih sing sang bernyanyi   Contoh Kalimat dengan Irregular Verbs I went to Jakarta last month. She ate breakfast at seven. They bought a new car. My father drove to the office. We saw a beautiful rainbow. He wrote a letter. The children swam in the river. My sister spoke English very well. I found my keys yesterday. We made a chocolate cake.   Time Expressions dalam Simple Past Simple Past hampir selalu disertai keterangan waktu lampau. Expression Meaning yesterday kemarin yesterday morning kemarin pagi yesterday afternoon kemarin sore yesterday evening kemarin malam last night tadi malam last week minggu lalu last month bulan lalu last year tahun lalu two days ago dua hari yang lalu an hour ago satu jam yang lalu in 2020 pada tahun 2020 this morning (jika waktu sudah berlalu) pagi tadi   Contoh Kalimat I visited my cousin yesterday. She called me last night. We traveled to Bali last year. My father bought a motorcycle two months ago. They arrived an hour ago.   Urutan Kejadian di Masa Lalu Simple Past sering digunakan untuk menceritakan aktivitas secara berurutan. Contoh: Yesterday, I woke up at six o'clock. I took a shower. Then I had breakfast. After that, I went to school. I studied English. Finally, I came home and watched television. Perhatikan semua kata kerja menggunakan Verb 2: woke took had went studied came watched   Contoh Cerita Pendek My Last Sunday Last Sunday, I stayed at home with my family. We woke up early and had breakfast together. After breakfast, my father washed the car while my mother cooked lunch. I cleaned my bedroom and helped my sister with her homework. In the afternoon, we visited my grandparents. We talked, laughed, and ate delicious food together. My grandmother gave me some homemade cookies. Before going home, we took several family photos. We arrived home at seven in the evening. After dinner, I watched a movie and went to bed at ten o'clock. It was a wonderful day.   Contoh Percakapan Dialogue 1 A : What did you do yesterday? B : I visited my grandparents. A : Did you have fun? B : Yes, I did. We had dinner together.   Dialogue 2 A : Where did you go last weekend? B : I went to the beach. A : Who went with you? B : My family.   Dialogue 3 A : Did you study last night? B : Yes. I studied English and mathematics. A : How long did you study? B : About two hours.   Kesalahan yang Sering Dilakukan Kesalahan 1 ❌ I visit my grandmother yesterday. ✅ I visited my grandmother yesterday.   Kesalahan 2 ❌ She watch TV last night. ✅ She watched TV last night.   Kesalahan 3 ❌ They go to school yesterday. ✅ They went to school yesterday.   Kesalahan 4 ❌ We buy a new car last month. ✅ We bought a new car last month.   Kesalahan 5 ❌ He eat breakfast this morning. ✅ He ate breakfast this morning.   Tips Mudah Mengingat Jika ada keterangan waktu lampau, seperti yesterday, last week, atau two days ago, kemungkinan besar Anda memerlukan Simple Past Tense. Gunakan Verb 2, baik kata kerja tersebut termasuk regular verb (played, visited, cleaned) maupun irregular verb (went, ate, bought, saw). Hafalkan irregular verbs sedikit demi sedikit. Misalnya, targetkan menghafal 10–15 kata setiap minggu. Semakin sering digunakan dalam kalimat, semakin mudah diingat. Berlatih menulis diary atau jurnal harian tentang apa yang Anda lakukan kemarin. Misalnya: I woke up at six. I had breakfast. I worked until five. I watched a movie before sleeping.   Latihan A. Ubah Kata Kerja Menjadi Verb 2 play → __________ go → __________ buy → __________ study → __________ eat → __________ write → __________ clean → __________ take → __________ visit → __________ drive → __________ B. Lengkapilah Kalimat Berikut I __________ my homework yesterday. (finish) She __________ a letter last night. (write) They __________ football after school. (play) We __________ our grandparents last Sunday. (visit) My father __________ a new motorcycle last month. (buy)   C. Terjemahkan ke Bahasa Inggris Saya pergi ke pasar kemarin. Kami bermain sepak bola minggu lalu. Dia membeli sebuah buku baru. Mereka makan malam bersama tadi malam. Guru menjelaskan pelajaran kemarin pagi.   Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian, aktivitas, atau pengalaman yang telah selesai terjadi di masa lalu. Pola dasar kalimat positif adalah Subject + Verb 2 + Object/Keterangan, tanpa membedakan subjek seperti pada Simple Present. Kata kerja dalam Simple Past terbagi menjadi regular verbs, yang dibentuk dengan menambahkan -ed (played, visited, cleaned), dan irregular verbs, yang bentuknya berubah secara khusus (go → went, eat → ate, buy → bought, see → saw). Penggunaan tense ini biasanya disertai keterangan waktu lampau seperti yesterday, last night, last week, atau two days ago. Dengan menguasai bentuk Verb 2, memahami perbedaan regular dan irregular verbs, serta sering berlatih menceritakan pengalaman masa lalu, Anda akan lebih percaya diri dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris untuk berbicara maupun menulis tentang kejadian yang telah berlalu.

☁️ 2. Negative Statements in the Past Tense

Untuk membuat kalimat negatif dalam past tense, kita gunakan did not (didn’t) diikuti oleh verb 1 (bentuk dasar).

🧩 Rumus:

Subject + did not (didn’t) + Verb 1 + Object

🗣️ Contoh:

Affirmative	Negative
I visited my grandmother.	I did not visit my grandmother.
She watched a movie.	She didn’t watch a movie.
They played football.	They didn’t play football.
We studied English.	We didn’t study English.

📝 Catatan penting:

• Setelah did not / didn’t, kata kerja kembali ke bentuk Verb 1, bukan Verb 2!
  (Karena kata kerja lampau sudah diwakili oleh “did.”)

 

☁️ Negative Statements in the Past Tense (Kalimat Negatif dalam Simple Past Tense) Tujuan Pembelajaran Setelah mempelajari kalimat positif (affirmative statements) dalam Simple Past Tense, langkah berikutnya adalah mempelajari kalimat negatif (negative statements). Kalimat negatif digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kita tidak cukup hanya menambahkan kata not seperti dalam bahasa Indonesia. Kita harus menggunakan auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu), yaitu did not atau bentuk singkatnya didn't. Setelah mempelajari materi ini, Anda diharapkan mampu: Memahami fungsi kalimat negatif dalam Simple Past Tense. Menyusun kalimat negatif menggunakan did not (didn't). Mengetahui mengapa kata kerja kembali ke bentuk dasar (Verb 1). Membedakan kalimat positif dan negatif dalam bentuk lampau. Menggunakan kalimat negatif dalam percakapan sehari-hari.   Apa Itu Negative Statements? Negative statement adalah kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa tidak terjadi. Perhatikan contoh berikut. Kalimat positif: I visited my grandmother yesterday. → Saya mengunjungi nenek saya kemarin. Kalimat negatif: I did not visit my grandmother yesterday. → Saya tidak mengunjungi nenek saya kemarin. Perbedaan utamanya adalah penggunaan did not.   Fungsi Negative Statements Kalimat negatif digunakan ketika kita ingin mengatakan bahwa: suatu kegiatan tidak dilakukan, suatu kejadian tidak terjadi, seseorang tidak pergi ke suatu tempat, seseorang tidak membeli sesuatu, seseorang tidak melihat sesuatu, atau suatu pengalaman tidak dialami. Contoh: Saya tidak pergi ke sekolah kemarin. Dia tidak menonton televisi tadi malam. Kami tidak membeli mobil baru. Mereka tidak bermain sepak bola.   Rumus Simple Past Negatif Pola dasar kalimat negatif adalah: Subject + did not (didn't) + Verb 1 + Object/Complement Perhatikan bahwa Verb 1 digunakan setelah did not.   Contoh Dasar Subject Did not Verb 1 Object I did not visit my grandmother. She didn't watch TV last night. They didn't play football yesterday. We didn't study English yesterday. He didn't buy a new phone.   Mengapa Menggunakan Verb 1? Inilah aturan yang paling sering membuat pelajar bingung. Lihat contoh berikut. Kalimat positif: She watched a movie. Kalimat negatif: She didn't watch a movie. Bukan: ❌ She didn't watched a movie. Mengapa? Karena kata did sudah menunjukkan bahwa kalimat tersebut berada di masa lampau. Dengan kata lain: did + Verb 1 bukan did + Verb 2   Perbandingan Kalimat Affirmative Negative I visited my grandmother. I didn't visit my grandmother. She watched TV. She didn't watch TV. They played football. They didn't play football. We studied English. We didn't study English. He bought a laptop. He didn't buy a laptop. My father drove a car. My father didn't drive a car.   Menggunakan "Did Not" dan "Didn't" Ada dua bentuk yang sama-sama benar. Bentuk Lengkap did not Lebih sering digunakan dalam tulisan formal. Contoh: I did not go to school yesterday. She did not call me.   Bentuk Singkat didn't Lebih sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Contoh: I didn't go to school. We didn't watch TV. They didn't come yesterday. Keduanya memiliki arti yang sama.   Negative Statements dengan Regular Verbs Regular verbs kembali ke bentuk dasar setelah didn't. Affirmative Negative played didn't play visited didn't visit worked didn't work cleaned didn't clean watched didn't watch cooked didn't cook   Contoh Kalimat I didn't play football yesterday. She didn't visit her aunt. We didn't clean the classroom. They didn't cook dinner. My father didn't wash the car.   Negative Statements dengan Irregular Verbs Hal yang sama berlaku untuk irregular verbs. Affirmative Negative went didn't go ate didn't eat bought didn't buy saw didn't see took didn't take wrote didn't write spoke didn't speak drank didn't drink came didn't come found didn't find   Contoh Kalimat I didn't go to school yesterday. She didn't eat breakfast. We didn't buy anything. They didn't see the accident. He didn't write the report. My mother didn't drink coffee. My father didn't drive yesterday. We didn't come late.   Menggunakan Keterangan Waktu Kalimat negatif dalam Simple Past sering disertai keterangan waktu. Contoh: yesterday last night last week last month last year two days ago an hour ago   Contoh I didn't study last night. She didn't call me yesterday. They didn't travel last year. We didn't meet two weeks ago. My brother didn't play football yesterday afternoon.   Perbedaan Positif dan Negatif Contoh 1 Affirmative I watched a movie. Negative I didn't watch a movie.   Contoh 2 Affirmative She bought a new bag. Negative She didn't buy a new bag.   Contoh 3 Affirmative They went to Bali. Negative They didn't go to Bali.   Contoh 4 Affirmative We studied English. Negative We didn't study English.   Contoh 5 Affirmative My father cooked dinner. Negative My father didn't cook dinner.   Contoh Kalimat Sehari-hari I didn't wake up late today. She didn't go to the office yesterday. We didn't finish our homework. They didn't play basketball. My parents didn't watch television. He didn't answer my message. I didn't forget your birthday. We didn't travel during the holiday. My sister didn't buy new shoes. The children didn't eat vegetables. My teacher didn't give homework yesterday. I didn't lose my wallet. We didn't arrive late. They didn't visit us last weekend. My brother didn't drive to work.   Cerita Pendek Yesterday Was Different Yesterday was a quiet day for me. I didn't go to school because it was a public holiday. I didn't wake up early, and I didn't eat breakfast immediately. In the morning, I stayed at home. My parents didn't go to work either. We spent time together and talked about our vacation plans. In the afternoon, I didn't play football because it rained heavily. Instead, I read a book and watched a documentary. My sister didn't watch it because she preferred reading a novel. In the evening, we cooked dinner together. We didn't order food from a restaurant. After dinner, I didn't stay up late. I went to bed at ten o'clock. Although I didn't go anywhere, I really enjoyed the day.   Contoh Percakapan Dialogue 1 A : Did you go to school yesterday? B : No, I didn't. A : Why not? B : Because I was sick.   Dialogue 2 A : Did your brother play football yesterday? B : No, he didn't. A : What did he do? B : He stayed at home.   Dialogue 3 A : Did you buy anything at the mall? B : No, I didn't buy anything. A : Why? B : Because I forgot my wallet.   Dialogue 4 A : Did your parents watch the movie? B : No, they didn't. A : What did they watch? B : They watched the news.   Kesalahan yang Sering Dilakukan Kesalahan 1 ❌ I didn't went to school. ✅ I didn't go to school.   Kesalahan 2 ❌ She didn't watched TV. ✅ She didn't watch TV.   Kesalahan 3 ❌ They didn't played football. ✅ They didn't play football.   Kesalahan 4 ❌ We didn't bought a car. ✅ We didn't buy a car.   Kesalahan 5 ❌ He didn't ate breakfast. ✅ He didn't eat breakfast.   Tips Mudah Mengingat Gunakan rumus sederhana berikut: Did + Verb 1 Bukan: Did + Verb 2 Ingatlah bahwa did sudah menunjukkan bahwa kejadian tersebut berada di masa lalu. Oleh karena itu, kata kerja yang mengikutinya harus kembali ke bentuk dasar (Verb 1). Cara mudah mengingatnya adalah dengan membandingkan: went → didn't go bought → didn't buy ate → didn't eat saw → didn't see played → didn't play watched → didn't watch Jika Anda melihat kata did, segera gunakan Verb 1.   Latihan A. Ubah Menjadi Kalimat Negatif Contoh: She visited her grandmother. → She didn't visit her grandmother. I played football yesterday. They watched a movie. We cleaned the classroom. My father bought a bicycle. She wrote a letter.   B. Lengkapilah Kalimat I __________ (not/go) to school yesterday. She __________ (not/watch) TV last night. We __________ (not/eat) breakfast this morning. They __________ (not/play) basketball yesterday afternoon. My parents __________ (not/visit) our grandparents last weekend.   C. Terjemahkan ke Bahasa Inggris Saya tidak pergi ke pasar kemarin. Dia tidak membeli buku baru. Kami tidak belajar tadi malam. Mereka tidak datang ke pesta. Ayah saya tidak mencuci mobil kemarin.   Negative Statements dalam Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Pola dasarnya adalah Subject + did not (didn't) + Verb 1 + Object/Keterangan. Hal terpenting yang harus diingat adalah bahwa setelah did not atau didn't, kata kerja selalu kembali ke bentuk dasar (Verb 1) karena unsur lampau sudah ditunjukkan oleh kata did. Misalnya, went berubah menjadi didn't go, bought menjadi didn't buy, dan played menjadi didn't play. Kalimat negatif ini sering digunakan bersama keterangan waktu lampau seperti yesterday, last week, last month, atau two days ago. Dengan memahami pola ini dan menghindari kesalahan umum seperti didn't went atau didn't watched, Anda akan mampu menyusun kalimat negatif dalam bahasa Inggris secara tepat, alami, dan sesuai kaidah tata bahasa.

☀️ 3. Yes/No Questions in the Past Tense

Pertanyaan “Yes/No” digunakan jika jawaban hanya ya atau tidak.
Gunakan Did di awal kalimat.

🧩 Rumus:

Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?

🗣️ Contoh:

Question	Short Answer
Did you visit your grandmother?	Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
Did she watch a movie?	Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
Did they play football?	Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
Did we study English?	Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.

📝 Tips:

• “Did” menunjukkan bentuk lampau, jadi kata kerja tetap dalam bentuk dasar (Verb 1).
• Untuk jawaban singkat, gunakan “Yes, Subject + did” atau “No, Subject + didn’t.”

 

☀ Yes/No Questions in the Past Tense (Pertanyaan Ya/Tidak dalam Simple Past Tense) Tujuan Pembelajaran Setelah mempelajari kalimat positif (affirmative statements) dan kalimat negatif (negative statements) dalam Simple Past Tense, langkah berikutnya adalah mempelajari Yes/No Questions atau pertanyaan yang jawabannya hanya "Ya" atau "Tidak". Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita sering menanyakan apakah seseorang melakukan suatu kegiatan di masa lalu, misalnya: Apakah kamu pergi ke sekolah kemarin? Apakah dia menonton film tadi malam? Apakah mereka bermain sepak bola? Apakah ayahmu membeli mobil baru? Dalam bahasa Inggris, semua pertanyaan tersebut menggunakan Did di awal kalimat. Setelah mempelajari materi ini, Anda diharapkan mampu: Memahami fungsi Yes/No Questions dalam Simple Past Tense. Menyusun pertanyaan menggunakan Did. Menjawab pertanyaan dengan Yes, ... did atau No, ... didn't. Menghindari kesalahan umum dalam penggunaan Did dan Verb 1. Menggunakan pertanyaan Simple Past dalam percakapan sehari-hari.   Apa Itu Yes/No Questions? Yes/No Questions adalah pertanyaan yang hanya membutuhkan jawaban sederhana berupa: Yes (Ya) No (Tidak) Contohnya: Did you go to school yesterday? → Apakah kamu pergi ke sekolah kemarin? Jawaban: Yes, I did. → Ya. atau No, I didn't. → Tidak. Pertanyaan ini berbeda dengan WH-Questions seperti What, Where, When, atau Why yang membutuhkan jawaban lebih panjang.   Fungsi Yes/No Questions Yes/No Questions digunakan untuk menanyakan apakah suatu aktivitas terjadi atau tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Contoh: Apakah kamu makan pagi tadi? Apakah dia membeli buku itu? Apakah mereka datang ke pesta? Apakah guru menjelaskan pelajaran kemarin? Apakah kamu menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah? Semua pertanyaan tersebut dapat dijawab dengan ya atau tidak.   Rumus Yes/No Questions Pola dasar pertanyaan adalah: Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object + ? Perhatikan bahwa setelah Did, kata kerja selalu menggunakan Verb 1 (bentuk dasar).   Contoh Dasar Question Short Answer Did you visit your grandmother? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. Did she watch a movie? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. Did they play football? Yes, they did. / No, they didn't. Did we study English? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't. Did he buy a new car? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.   Mengapa Menggunakan Verb 1? Ini adalah aturan yang sangat penting. Lihat contoh berikut. Kalimat positif: She watched a movie. Pertanyaan: Did she watch a movie? Bukan: ❌ Did she watched a movie? Mengapa? Karena Did sudah menunjukkan bahwa kalimat tersebut berada di masa lalu. Jadi polanya adalah: Did + Verb 1 bukan Did + Verb 2   Perbandingan Kalimat Affirmative Question You visited your grandmother. Did you visit your grandmother? She watched TV. Did she watch TV? They played football. Did they play football? We studied English. Did we study English? He bought a laptop. Did he buy a laptop?   Pertanyaan dengan Regular Verbs Regular verbs kembali ke bentuk dasar setelah Did. Affirmative Question played Did ... play? watched Did ... watch? visited Did ... visit? worked Did ... work? cleaned Did ... clean? helped Did ... help?   Contoh Did you play football yesterday? Did she visit her grandmother? Did they work last Saturday? Did your father clean the garage? Did your teacher explain the lesson?   Pertanyaan dengan Irregular Verbs Hal yang sama berlaku untuk irregular verbs. Affirmative Question went Did ... go? ate Did ... eat? bought Did ... buy? saw Did ... see? came Did ... come? wrote Did ... write? drove Did ... drive? took Did ... take?   Contoh Did you go to Bali last year? Did she eat breakfast? Did they buy a new house? Did your brother see the movie? Did your parents come yesterday? Did you write the report?   Cara Menjawab Yes/No Questions Jawaban singkat menggunakan pola berikut. Jawaban Positif Yes, Subject + did. Contoh: A : Did you go to school yesterday? B : Yes, I did.   A : Did she call you? B : Yes, she did.   A : Did they arrive on time? B : Yes, they did.   Jawaban Negatif No, Subject + didn't. Contoh: A : Did you finish your homework? B : No, I didn't.   A : Did he watch the movie? B : No, he didn't.   A : Did your parents travel last month? B : No, they didn't.   Jawaban Panjang Selain jawaban singkat, Anda juga dapat memberikan jawaban yang lebih lengkap. Contoh: A : Did you visit your grandmother? B : Yes, I did. I visited her on Sunday afternoon.   A : Did she buy a new phone? B : No, she didn't. She bought a laptop instead.   A : Did they play football yesterday? B : Yes, they did. They played at the city stadium.   Time Expressions Yes/No Questions dalam Simple Past biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu lampau. Contoh: yesterday yesterday morning last night last week last month last year two days ago an hour ago in 2023   Contoh Did you study last night? Did your brother visit you last week? Did they travel last year? Did your teacher give homework yesterday? Did you eat breakfast this morning?   Contoh Percakapan Dialogue 1 A : Did you go to school yesterday? B : Yes, I did. A : What subjects did you study? B : I studied English and Science.   Dialogue 2 A : Did your father wash the car yesterday? B : No, he didn't. A : Who washed it? B : My brother did.   Dialogue 3 A : Did you watch the football match last night? B : Yes, I did. A : Was it exciting? B : Yes, it was amazing.   Dialogue 4 A : Did your sister buy a new dress? B : No, she didn't. A : What did she buy? B : She bought a new pair of shoes.   Dialogue 5 A : Did you enjoy your vacation? B : Yes, I did. A : Where did you go? B : I went to Bali with my family.   Contoh Kalimat Sehari-hari Did you eat breakfast? Did you sleep well last night? Did your mother cook dinner? Did your father go to work yesterday? Did your teacher explain the lesson? Did they arrive on time? Did you call your friend? Did she clean her room? Did your brother finish his homework? Did the children play outside? Did you buy any fruit? Did your grandparents visit you? Did you drive to work? Did your family travel last holiday? Did you enjoy the movie?   Reading Passage My Weekend Last weekend, my family and I visited my grandparents. We left home early on Saturday morning. My father drove the car, and my mother prepared some food for the trip. When we arrived, my grandparents were very happy to see us. We had lunch together and talked for several hours. In the afternoon, my cousins and I played badminton in the backyard. On Sunday morning, we went to a traditional market. My grandmother bought vegetables, fruit, and fresh fish. Before going home, we took some family photos. It was a wonderful weekend.   Reading Comprehension Jawablah pertanyaan berikut menggunakan Yes atau No, lalu lengkapi jika perlu. Did the family visit their grandparents? Did they leave home in the evening? Did the father drive the car? Did they play badminton? Did the grandmother buy vegetables? Contoh jawaban: Yes, they did.   Kesalahan yang Sering Dilakukan Kesalahan 1 ❌ Did you went to school? ✅ Did you go to school?   Kesalahan 2 ❌ Did she watched TV? ✅ Did she watch TV?   Kesalahan 3 ❌ Did they played football? ✅ Did they play football?   Kesalahan 4 ❌ Did he bought a new car? ✅ Did he buy a new car?   Kesalahan 5 ❌ Yes, I do. Jika pertanyaannya: Did you visit your grandmother? Jawaban yang benar: ✅ Yes, I did.   Kesalahan 6 ❌ No, she doesn't. Jawaban yang benar: ✅ No, she didn't.   Tips Mudah Mengingat Untuk menguasai Yes/No Questions dalam Simple Past Tense, ingat tiga aturan sederhana berikut. 1. Pertanyaan selalu dimulai dengan Did Did you... Did she... Did they... Did we... Did he...   2. Setelah Did, gunakan Verb 1 Benar: Did you go? Did she eat? Did they buy? Did he write? Salah: ❌ Did you went? ❌ Did she ate? ❌ Did they bought?   3. Jawaban singkat selalu menggunakan did atau didn't Yes, I did. No, I didn't. Yes, she did. No, she didn't. Yes, they did. No, they didn't.   Latihan A. Ubah Kalimat Menjadi Pertanyaan Contoh: You visited your grandmother. → Did you visit your grandmother? She watched television. They played football. We cleaned the classroom. He bought a new laptop. My parents traveled to Bali.   B. Jawablah Pertanyaan Berikut Did you eat breakfast today? Did you study English yesterday? Did your teacher give homework? Did your parents go shopping last weekend? Did you watch television last night? Gunakan jawaban singkat seperti: Yes, I did. No, I didn't.   C. Terjemahkan ke Bahasa Inggris Apakah kamu pergi ke sekolah kemarin? Apakah dia membeli mobil baru? Apakah mereka bermain sepak bola tadi sore? Apakah ayahmu bekerja kemarin? Apakah kalian belajar bahasa Inggris minggu lalu?   Yes/No Questions dalam Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menanyakan apakah suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa terjadi atau tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Pola dasarnya adalah Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?, di mana Did berfungsi sebagai penanda waktu lampau sehingga kata kerja setelahnya selalu kembali ke bentuk dasar (Verb 1). Oleh karena itu, bentuk seperti Did you go?, Did she watch?, dan Did they buy? adalah benar, sedangkan Did you went? atau Did she watched? adalah bentuk yang salah. Jawaban singkat menggunakan pola Yes, Subject + did atau No, Subject + didn't, misalnya Yes, I did atau No, they didn't. Dengan memahami aturan ini dan sering berlatih melalui percakapan sederhana, Anda akan mampu mengajukan dan menjawab pertanyaan tentang pengalaman atau kejadian masa lalu secara tepat, alami, dan percaya diri.

🌈 4. Questions with What in the Past Tense

Sekarang kita buat pertanyaan dengan kata tanya What.
Kata What digunakan untuk menanyakan benda, kegiatan, atau hal yang dilakukan.

🧩 Rumus:

What + did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?

🗣️ Contoh:

Question	Possible Answer
What did you eat yesterday?	I ate fried rice.
What did she buy last week?	She bought a new dress.
What did they do after school?	They played football.
What did we learn last Monday?	We learned about the past tense.

📝 Catatan:

• Kata kerja selalu dalam bentuk dasar (Verb 1) setelah “did”.
• Jangan lupa menambahkan keterangan waktu (yesterday, last week, two days ago, dll) agar jelas bahwa kejadian itu di masa lalu.

 

🌈 Questions with What in the Past Tense (Pertanyaan dengan What dalam Simple Past Tense) Tujuan Pembelajaran Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita tidak hanya bertanya apakah seseorang melakukan sesuatu (Yes/No Questions), tetapi juga sering ingin mengetahui apa yang dilakukan, apa yang dimakan, apa yang dibeli, atau apa yang dipelajari pada masa lalu. Untuk itu, bahasa Inggris menggunakan WH-Questions, yaitu pertanyaan yang diawali dengan kata tanya seperti What, Where, When, Why, Who, dan How. Pada materi ini, kita akan fokus pada penggunaan What dalam Simple Past Tense. Setelah mempelajari materi ini, Anda diharapkan mampu: Memahami fungsi kata tanya What dalam Simple Past Tense. Menyusun pertanyaan menggunakan pola What + did + Subject + Verb 1. Menjawab pertanyaan dengan kalimat yang benar menggunakan Verb 2. Membedakan pertanyaan What dengan pertanyaan Yes/No. Menggunakan pertanyaan What dalam percakapan sehari-hari.   Apa Itu Questions with What? What berarti apa. Kata tanya What digunakan untuk menanyakan: benda, makanan, kegiatan, pekerjaan, pelajaran, tindakan, atau sesuatu yang dilakukan seseorang. Contoh dalam bahasa Indonesia: Apa yang kamu makan tadi pagi? Apa yang dia beli kemarin? Apa yang mereka lakukan setelah sekolah? Apa yang kamu pelajari minggu lalu? Semua pertanyaan tersebut menggunakan What dalam bahasa Inggris.   Fungsi Kata Tanya What Kata What digunakan ketika kita ingin mengetahui informasi mengenai suatu hal atau aktivitas. Contoh: What did you eat? → Apa yang kamu makan? What did she buy? → Apa yang dia beli? What did they do? → Apa yang mereka lakukan? What did you learn? → Apa yang kamu pelajari? Perhatikan bahwa jawaban pertanyaan ini tidak cukup dengan "Yes" atau "No", melainkan harus memberikan informasi.   Rumus Questions with What Pola dasar pertanyaan adalah: What + did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object/Complement + Time Expression? Perhatikan bahwa setelah did, kata kerja selalu kembali ke Verb 1.   Contoh Dasar Question Possible Answer What did you eat yesterday? I ate fried rice. What did she buy last week? She bought a new dress. What did they do after school? They played football. What did we learn last Monday? We learned about the past tense. What did your father cook yesterday? He cooked fried chicken.   Mengapa Menggunakan Verb 1 Setelah Did? Ini merupakan aturan penting dalam Simple Past Tense. Kalimat positif: She bought a new dress. Pertanyaan: What did she buy? Bukan: ❌ What did she bought? Mengapa? Karena kata did sudah menunjukkan bahwa pertanyaan tersebut berbentuk lampau. Jadi polanya adalah: did + Verb 1 bukan did + Verb 2   Perbandingan Kalimat Affirmative Question You ate fried rice. What did you eat? She bought a bag. What did she buy? They played football. What did they do? We learned English. What did we learn? He wrote a letter. What did he write?   Menjawab Pertanyaan What Ketika menjawab pertanyaan What, gunakan Simple Past Tense, yaitu Verb 2. Contoh: Question: What did you eat yesterday? Jawaban: I ate fried rice.   Question: What did she buy? Jawaban: She bought a new laptop.   Question: What did they do after school? Jawaban: They played football.   Question: What did your mother cook? Jawaban: She cooked vegetable soup.   Contoh dengan Regular Verbs Regular verbs berubah menjadi bentuk lampau dengan menambahkan -ed. Question Answer What did you watch? I watched a movie. What did she clean? She cleaned the kitchen. What did they play? They played basketball. What did your father wash? He washed the car. What did your teacher explain? She explained the lesson.   Contoh dengan Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs berubah bentuk secara tidak beraturan. Question Answer What did you eat? I ate noodles. What did she buy? She bought a new bag. What did they see? They saw a rainbow. What did he write? He wrote an email. What did you drink? I drank orange juice.   Penggunaan Kata Kerja Do Salah satu pertanyaan yang paling sering digunakan adalah: What did you do...? Artinya: Apa yang kamu lakukan...? Contoh: What did you do yesterday? What did you do last weekend? What did you do during the holiday? What did you do after school? Jawaban: I studied English. I visited my grandparents. I watched television. I cleaned my room. I helped my mother.   Time Expressions Pertanyaan dengan What biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu agar jelas bahwa kegiatan tersebut terjadi di masa lalu. Beberapa contoh: Time Expression Meaning yesterday kemarin yesterday morning kemarin pagi yesterday afternoon kemarin sore yesterday evening kemarin malam last night tadi malam last week minggu lalu last month bulan lalu last year tahun lalu two days ago dua hari yang lalu an hour ago satu jam yang lalu last Sunday Minggu lalu during the holiday selama liburan   Contoh Kalimat What did you eat yesterday? What did you buy last week? What did your teacher teach yesterday? What did your parents cook last night? What did your brother do after school? What did you watch on television? What did you read yesterday? What did your sister write? What did you study last Monday? What did your father repair yesterday?   Contoh Percakapan Dialogue 1 A : What did you eat for breakfast? B : I ate fried rice and drank a glass of milk. A : Was it delicious? B : Yes, it was.   Dialogue 2 A : What did you buy at the supermarket? B : I bought bread, eggs, milk, and fruit. A : How much did you spend? B : About twenty dollars.   Dialogue 3 A : What did you do after school? B : I played badminton with my friends. A : Where did you play? B : At the sports center.   Dialogue 4 A : What did your mother cook yesterday? B : She cooked chicken soup. A : Did you like it? B : Yes, it was very delicious.   Dialogue 5 A : What did you learn in English class? B : We learned about the Simple Past Tense. A : Was it difficult? B : No, it was quite easy after practicing.   Reading Passage My Busy Saturday Last Saturday was a very busy day. I woke up at six o'clock and had breakfast with my family. After breakfast, I cleaned my bedroom and watered the plants. At ten o'clock, I went to the supermarket with my mother. We bought vegetables, fruit, bread, milk, and some snacks. After that, we returned home and prepared lunch together. In the afternoon, I finished my homework and read an English storybook. In the evening, my family and I watched a comedy movie before going to bed.   Reading Comprehension Jawablah pertanyaan berikut berdasarkan bacaan di atas. What did the writer do after breakfast? What did the writer buy at the supermarket? What did the writer read in the afternoon? What did the family watch in the evening? What did the writer do before going to bed?   Perbedaan Yes/No Questions dan What Questions Yes/No Questions What Questions Did you go to school yesterday? What did you do yesterday? Jawaban: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. Jawaban: I studied English. Did she buy a book? What did she buy? Jawaban: Yes, she did. Jawaban: She bought a dictionary. Yes/No Questions hanya membutuhkan jawaban Ya atau Tidak, sedangkan What Questions memerlukan informasi yang lebih lengkap.   Kesalahan yang Sering Dilakukan Kesalahan 1 ❌ What did you ate yesterday? ✅ What did you eat yesterday?   Kesalahan 2 ❌ What did she bought? ✅ What did she buy?   Kesalahan 3 ❌ What did they played? ✅ What did they play?   Kesalahan 4 ❌ What did he wrote? ✅ What did he write?   Kesalahan 5 ❌ What did you did yesterday? Karena kata kerja utama sudah do, bentuk dasarnya tetap digunakan. ✅ What did you do yesterday?   Tips Mudah Mengingat Untuk menguasai pertanyaan What dalam Simple Past Tense, ingatlah pola berikut: What + did + Subject + Verb 1 + ... ? Ada tiga hal yang perlu diingat: Pertanyaan selalu diawali dengan "What". Gunakan "did" sebagai penanda waktu lampau. Setelah "did", gunakan Verb 1, bukan Verb 2. Ketika menjawab pertanyaan, gunakan Verb 2, karena jawaban berbentuk kalimat positif dalam Simple Past Tense. Contoh: Question: What did you eat yesterday? Answer: I ate fried rice. Question: What did she buy? Answer: She bought a new dress.   Latihan A. Ubah Kalimat Menjadi Pertanyaan dengan What Contoh: You ate fried rice yesterday. → What did you eat yesterday? She bought a new bag. They played football after school. We learned English last Monday. He wrote a letter yesterday. My father repaired the bicycle.   B. Jawablah Pertanyaan Berikut What did you eat for breakfast? What did you do yesterday afternoon? What did your teacher teach yesterday? What did your mother cook last night? What did you buy last weekend?   C. Terjemahkan ke Bahasa Inggris Apa yang kamu makan kemarin? Apa yang dia beli minggu lalu? Apa yang mereka lakukan setelah sekolah? Apa yang kamu pelajari kemarin? Apa yang ayahmu masak tadi malam?   Ringkasan Questions with What dalam Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menanyakan benda, kegiatan, tindakan, atau hal yang dilakukan pada masa lalu. Pola dasarnya adalah What + did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object/Keterangan?. Kata did berfungsi sebagai penanda waktu lampau sehingga kata kerja setelahnya selalu menggunakan Verb 1 (bentuk dasar), misalnya What did you eat?, What did she buy?, atau What did they do?. Jawaban atas pertanyaan tersebut menggunakan Simple Past Tense, sehingga kata kerja berubah ke Verb 2, seperti I ate fried rice, She bought a new dress, atau They played football. Pertanyaan ini sering dipadukan dengan keterangan waktu seperti yesterday, last week, last month, atau two days ago agar jelas bahwa aktivitas tersebut telah terjadi. Dengan menguasai pola ini, Anda dapat menggali informasi secara lebih rinci tentang pengalaman atau kejadian masa lalu serta berkomunikasi dengan lebih lancar dalam percakapan sehari-hari.

💡 Rangkuman Cepat

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
Affirmative	S + Verb 2 + O	I visited Bali last year.
Negative	S + didn’t + Verb 1 + O	I didn’t visit Bali last year.
Yes/No Question	Did + S + Verb 1 + O ?	Did you visit Bali last year?
Wh- Question (What)	What + did + S + Verb 1 + O ?	What did you do last weekend?

BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS: 100 kalimat bahasa Inggris dalam bentuk Affirmative Statements in the Past Tense (belajarbahasainggris003.blogspot.com)

🎯 Latihan (Practice Time!)

Lengkapi kalimat berikut dengan bentuk kata kerja yang tepat!

1. I ______ (go) to the market yesterday.
2. She ______ (not/watch) the movie last night.
3. ______ you ______ (visit) your friend last weekend?
4. What ______ they ______ (do) after school?
5. We ______ (study) English last Monday.

👉 Jawaban:

1. went
2. didn’t watch
3. Did / visit
4. did / do
5. studied

 

💬 Kesimpulan:

Past Tense membantu kita bercerita tentang masa lalu.
Kuncinya cuma tiga hal:

1. Gunakan Verb 2 untuk kalimat positif,
2. Gunakan didn’t + Verb 1 untuk kalimat negatif,
3. Gunakan Did + Subject + Verb 1 untuk pertanyaan.

Kalau sudah menguasai pola dasarnya, dijamin kamu bisa bercerita tentang pengalaman masa lalu dengan lancar! 🥳

 

✨ Catatan dari Blog “BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS”
Belajar grammar itu nggak harus rumit! Cukup pahami polanya dan sering berlatih membuat contoh kalimat sendiri.
Coba ceritakan pengalamanmu kemarin dalam 3 kalimat past tense di kolom komentar, yuk! 😉