🗣️ Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif dalam Bahasa Inggris)

 

🟦 1. Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive Voice adalah bentuk kalimat di mana subjek menerima tindakan dari kata kerja (verb), bukan melakukan tindakan.
Dengan kata lain, fokus kalimat bukan pada pelaku (doer), tetapi pada penerima tindakan (receiver).

👉 In short:

Passive Voice is a sentence in which the subject receives the action of the verb.

Contoh:

·         The letter is written by Anna. → (Surat itu ditulis oleh Anna.)

·         The car was repaired by the mechanic. → (Mobil itu diperbaiki oleh montir.)

·         The cake will be made by my mother. → (Kue itu akan dibuat oleh ibuku.)

Dalam contoh di atas, the letter, the car, dan the cake adalah penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku.

 

Panduan Praktis Belajar Kata Kerja belajar Bahasa Inggris | CV. Cemerlang Publishing

🟨 2. Fungsi Passive Voice

Passive voice digunakan ketika:
✅ Kita tidak tahu siapa pelakunya.
✅ Pelaku tidak penting untuk disebutkan.
✅ Fokus ingin diarahkan pada hasil atau objek tindakan.

Contoh:

·         The window was broken. → (Jendela itu pecah.)

·         English is spoken in many countries. → (Bahasa Inggris digunakan di banyak negara.)

·         The project has been completed. → (Proyek telah diselesaikan.)

 

🟩 3. Struktur Kalimat Passive Voice

Struktur dasar passive voice adalah:

Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + (by + agent)

Keterangan:

·         Subject = penerima tindakan

·         To be = sesuai dengan tenses

·         V3 = bentuk ketiga dari verb

·         By + agent (pelaku) = opsional

Contoh:

·         Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

·         Passive: The lesson is explained (by the teacher).

 

🟧 4. Rumus Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tense

Tense	Rumus Passive Voice	Contoh	Arti
Simple Present	am/is/are + V3	The book is read by him.	Buku itu dibaca olehnya.
Present Continuous	am/is/are + being + V3	The book is being read by him.	Buku itu sedang dibaca olehnya.
Present Perfect	has/have + been + V3	The book has been read by him.	Buku itu telah dibaca olehnya.
Simple Past	was/were + V3	The book was read by him.	Buku itu dibaca olehnya.
Past Continuous	was/were + being + V3	The book was being read by him.	Buku itu sedang dibaca olehnya.
Past Perfect	had + been + V3	The book had been read by him.	Buku itu telah dibaca olehnya.
Simple Future	will + be + V3	The book will be read by him.	Buku itu akan dibaca olehnya.
Modal Verbs	modal + be + V3	The book can be read by him.	Buku itu bisa dibaca olehnya.

 

🟥 5. Perbandingan Active vs. Passive Voice

Aspek	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Subjek	Melakukan tindakan	Menerima tindakan
Struktur	Subject + Verb + Object	Object + to be + V3 (+ by + Subject)
Fokus	Pelaku tindakan	Penerima tindakan
Contoh	The chef cooks the meal.	The meal is cooked by the chef.
Gaya Bahasa	Langsung, jelas	Formal, objektif
Penggunaan	Umum dalam percakapan	Umum dalam laporan, berita, tulisan formal

 

🟦 6. Langkah Mengubah Active Voice menjadi Passive Voice

Langkah-langkah mudah mengubah kalimat aktif ke pasif:

1️⃣ Pindahkan objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek kalimat pasif.
2️⃣ Gunakan bentuk “to be” sesuai tense.
3️⃣ Gunakan past participle (V3) dari kata kerja.
4️⃣ Tambahkan “by + pelaku” jika perlu.

Contoh:

·         Active: The company builds new houses.

·         Passive: New houses are built (by the company).

Contoh lain:

·         Active: My father will repair the car.

·         Passive: The car will be repaired by my father.

 

🟩 7. Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice dalam Berbagai Tenses

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Present	She cleans the room.	The room is cleaned by her.
Simple Past	He painted the wall.	The wall was painted by him.
Present Continuous	They are building a bridge.	A bridge is being built by them.
Present Perfect	They have finished the project.	The project has been finished by them.
Future	She will send the letter.	The letter will be sent by her.
Modal	They can solve the problem.	The problem can be solved by them.

 

🟨 8. Kapan Passive Voice Digunakan

Gunakan Passive Voice jika:
✅ Pelaku tidak diketahui.
✅ Pelaku tidak penting.
✅ Anda ingin fokus pada hasil atau objek.
✅ Dalam konteks formal seperti laporan, berita, atau penelitian.

Contoh:

·         The bridge was built in 1990. (Tidak penting siapa yang membangun.)

·         The meeting has been postponed. (Fokus pada hasil, bukan pelaku.)

 

🟧 9. Latihan (Practice Exercise)

Ubah kalimat berikut dari Active Voice menjadi Passive Voice:

1.      The students write the report.

2.      My mother is cooking the dinner.

3.      The mechanic repaired the car.

4.      The teacher will check the homework.

5.      They have finished the job.

✅ Jawaban:

1.      The report is written by the students.

2.      The dinner is being cooked by my mother.

3.      The car was repaired by the mechanic.

4.      The homework will be checked by the teacher.

5.      The job has been finished by them.

 

✨ 10. Kesimpulan (Conclusion)

Passive Voice digunakan ketika subjek menerima tindakan, bukan melakukan tindakan.
Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam tulisan formal, laporan, dan berita, di mana pelaku tidak penting atau tidak diketahui.

💡 Passive Voice helps focus on the action or result, not the doer.

 

📘 Rangkuman Singkat

Aspek	Passive Voice
Fokus	Pada penerima tindakan (objek)
Struktur	Subject + to be + V3 (+ by + agent)
Fungsi	Menyembunyikan atau meniadakan pelaku
Gaya Bahasa	Formal dan objektif
Contoh	The letter is written by Anna.

 

 

🗣️ Ciri-Ciri Active Voice (Characteristics of Active Voice)

 

🟦 1. Pengertian Singkat Active Voice

Sebelum membahas ciri-cirinya, mari kita pahami dulu makna dasarnya.
Active Voice adalah bentuk kalimat di mana subjek melakukan tindakan terhadap objek.
Fokus kalimat berada pada pelaku (subject), bukan pada penerima tindakan.

👉 In short:

In Active Voice, the subject performs the action of the verb.

Contoh:

·         She writes a letter. → (Dia menulis surat.)

·         They built a house. → (Mereka membangun rumah.)

·         The teacher explains the lesson. → (Guru menjelaskan pelajaran.)

Dalam contoh di atas, subjek (She, They, The teacher) melakukan suatu tindakan terhadap objek.

 

Panduan Praktis Belajar Kata Kerja belajar Bahasa Inggris | CV. Cemerlang Publishing

🟩 2. Ciri-Ciri Kalimat Active Voice

Berikut beberapa ciri khas Active Voice yang perlu kamu pahami agar mudah membedakannya dari Passive Voice:

No	Ciri-Ciri Active Voice	Penjelasan	Contoh Kalimat
1	Subjek sebagai pelaku tindakan (doer)	Subjek melakukan aksi terhadap objek.	The student writes an essay.
2	Struktur kalimat: Subject + Verb + Object	Pola umum kalimat aktif.	She reads a book.
3	Fokus pada pelaku (subject)	Kalimat menekankan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.	The chef cooks delicious food.
4	Menggunakan kata kerja aktif (verb aktif)	Kata kerja menunjukkan tindakan nyata.	They build a new school.
5	Kata kerja menyesuaikan dengan tenses	Bentuk verb berubah tergantung waktu kejadian.	He played football yesterday.
6	Biasanya tidak menggunakan “by” phrase	Tidak perlu menyebut pelaku dengan “by” seperti dalam kalimat pasif.	She cleans the room every day.
7	Kalimat terdengar lebih langsung dan efisien	Umumnya digunakan dalam percakapan atau tulisan sehari-hari.	I drink coffee every morning.
8	Digunakan untuk menunjukkan tanggung jawab atau aksi langsung	Subjek bertindak secara aktif.	The manager approved the proposal.

 

🟨 3. Struktur Dasar Active Voice

Struktur umum kalimat aktif adalah:

Subject + Verb + Object (+ Adverb)

Contoh:

·         I study English every day.

·         She is cooking in the kitchen.

·         They will visit Bali next month.

 

🟧 4. Perbandingan Active Voice dan Passive Voice

Agar lebih mudah dipahami, berikut perbandingan antara keduanya 👇

Aspek	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Subjek	Melakukan tindakan	Menerima tindakan
Struktur	Subject + Verb + Object	Object + to be + Verb 3 (+ by + Subject)
Fokus	Pelaku tindakan	Penerima tindakan
Contoh	The teacher explains the lesson.	The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Gaya Bahasa	Langsung, efisien, komunikatif	Formal, objektif, kadang panjang
Penggunaan	Percakapan sehari-hari, tulisan umum	Laporan ilmiah, berita formal, tulisan akademik

 

🟥 5. Contoh Kalimat Active Voice Berdasarkan Tense

Tense	Struktur Kalimat	Contoh Kalimat	Arti
Simple Present	S + V1 + O	She reads a book.	Dia membaca buku.
Present Continuous	S + am/is/are + V-ing + O	She is reading a book.	Dia sedang membaca buku.
Simple Past	S + V2 + O	She read a book yesterday.	Dia membaca buku kemarin.
Present Perfect	S + has/have + V3 + O	She has read many books.	Dia telah membaca banyak buku.
Simple Future	S + will + V1 + O	She will read the book tomorrow.	Dia akan membaca buku besok.

 

🟩 6. Manfaat Menggunakan Active Voice

Mengapa Active Voice penting dan sering digunakan?
Berikut alasannya 👇

✅ Kalimat lebih singkat dan jelas.
✅ Memudahkan pembaca atau pendengar memahami siapa pelakunya.
✅ Gaya bahasa lebih hidup dan komunikatif.
✅ Cocok untuk penulisan esai, artikel, laporan, atau instruksi.

Contoh:

·         Active: The company launched a new product.

·         Passive: A new product was launched by the company.
➡️ Kalimat aktif lebih sederhana dan mudah dipahami.

 

🟦 7. Latihan (Practice Exercise)

Tentukan ciri kalimat berikut! Apakah kalimatnya menunjukkan ciri Active Voice atau Passive Voice?

1.      The police caught the thief.

2.      The cake was made by my mother.

3.      They are building a new bridge.

4.      The car was repaired yesterday.

5.      She teaches English at school.

✅ Jawaban:

1.      Active Voice

2.      Passive Voice

3.      Active Voice

4.      Passive Voice

5.      Active Voice

 

✨ 8. Kesimpulan (Conclusion)

Active Voice adalah kalimat di mana subjek bertindak sebagai pelaku tindakan.
Kalimat aktif memiliki ciri khas seperti struktur S + V + O, fokus pada pelaku, dan penggunaan kata kerja aktif.

💡 Active Voice makes your writing strong, clear, and effective!

 

📘 Rangkuman Singkat

Aspek	Ciri-Ciri Active Voice
Subjek	Melakukan tindakan
Struktur	S + V + O
Fokus	Pada pelaku tindakan
Kata Kerja	Aktif dan sesuai tense
Gaya Bahasa	Jelas, langsung, dan efisien
Contoh	She writes a letter.